1822 und 1823 Wahlen zum Repräsentantenhaus der Vereinigten Staaten

Wahlen zum Abgeordnetenhaus der Vereinigten Staaten für den 18. Kongress wurden in jedem Bundesstaat zwischen dem 1. Juli 1822 (in Louisiana) und dem 14. August 1823 (in North Carolina) während der zweiten Amtszeit von James Monroe abgehalten im Büro. Dies war die erste Wahl, die auf den Ergebnissen der Volkszählung von 1820 beruhte, die das Parlament um insgesamt 26 Sitze erhöhte. Vier Staaten verloren je einen Vertreter, während neun Staaten zwischen 1 und 8 Sitze gewinnen konnten.

Die Kampagne wurde zwischen der Demokratisch-Republikanischen Partei und der Föderalistischen Partei geführt. Zu dieser Zeit war jedoch die Einheit der Partei zusammengebrochen, und die Konsensprinzipien der Ära des guten Gefühls machten eine Fragmentierung möglich. Im Gegenzug klassifizieren viele Historiker die Parteien der Abgeordneten auf der Grundlage ihrer Stimmabgabe bei der Wahl von 1825 (wo das Haus den Gewinner der Präsidentschaftswahlen von 1824 festlegte) am Ende des 18. Kongresses mit ähnlichen Ergebnissen wie in die folgende Tabelle. Michael J. Dubin klassifiziert Kandidaten basierend auf den politischen Parteien, die sie bei den Wahlen von 1822-1823 unterstützen (obwohl er keine landesweite Berichterstattung vorsieht).

Dies war der größte Gewinn einer Präsidentschaftspartei bei den Parlamentswahlen in der US-Geschichte und das einzige Mal, dass die Partei des Präsidenten bei einer solchen Wahl 10 Sitze oder mehr erzielte.

Wahlzusammenfassungen [ edit ]

↓

189	24
Demokratisch-Republikaner	Föderalist

Nach der Volkszählung von 1820 wurden 26 neue Sitze zugeteilt, wobei 4 Staaten jeweils einen Sitz verloren und 9 Staaten zwischen 1 und 8 Sitze gewinnen konnten Die übrigen elf Staaten haben keine Änderung der Aufteilung.

Hinweis: Jede Partei wird nach der Anzahl der Adams-Clay-Anhänger (AC), der Crawford-Anhänger (C) und der Jackson-Anhänger (J) aufgegliedert.

State	Typ	Datum	Insgesamt Sitze		Demokratisch- Republikaner				Federalist
			Sitze	Änderung	AC	C	J	Änderung	AC	C	J	Änderung
Delaware	At-large	1. Oktober 1822	1	0	0	1	0	7	0	7	0	0	1	0	0	0	[Note 2] (3)	5. August 1822	3	0	0	3	0	12	8	0	4	0	[Note 2] (3)	1. bis 3. Juli 1822	3	2	0	1	0	[Note 3])	7. Oktober 1822	9	1	2	2	0	1	[Note 4]	13	0	0	6	0	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	[Note 5]	6	0	0	0	6	0	5	0	[Note 6])	4. bis 6. November 1822	34	14	14	2	4	0	0	14	10	2	2	0	[Note 7])	8. Oktober 1822	26	0	0	20	1	0	5	2	0	0	0	[Note 8]	3. September 1822	5	5	0	0	0	[Note 2] (3)	3. August 1823	3	0	0	3	0	6	6	0	0	0	[Note 9]	7	0	0	1	0	0	13	10	2		0	0	9	0	0	9	0	9	0	0	9	0	22	1	19	1	0	1	0	Total	213	72	64	53	15	7	2	88.7%	11.3%

House seats D-R   88.73% Federalist   11.27%

Date ↑	District	Reason	Ergebnis	Candidates
March 12, 1822	New York 9	Solomon Van Rensselaer (F) resigned January 14, 1822. Winner also elected to the next term in a different district.	Federalist hold	√ Stephen Van Rensselaer (F) [Data unknown/missing.]
October 28, 1822	Virginia 9	Thomas Van Swearingen (F) resigned August 19, 1822. Winner also elected to the next term in a different district.	Federalist hold	√ James Stephenson (F) [Data unknown/missing.]
September 30, 1822	Florida territory at-large	The territory was organized March 30, 1822, and granted the right to send a delegate to the 17th Congress. Winner seated January 23, 1823[2] as the first Hispanic American in Congress. Winner lost election to the following full term.[3]	Independent gain	√ Joseph Marion Hernández 72.5% William Barnett 27.5%
October 1, 1822	Delaware at-large	Caesar A. Rodney (DR) resigned January 24, 1822 when elected to the U.S. Senate.	Federalist gain	√ Daniel Rodney (F) [Data unknown/missing.]
October 8, 1822	Pennsylvania 1	William Milnor (F) resigned May 8, 1822. Winner lost election to the next full term.	Federalist hold	√ Thomas Forrest (F) [Data unknown/missing.]
October 8, 1822	Pennsylvania 6	Samuel Moore (DR) resigned May 20, 1822. Winner also elected to the next term in a different district.	Democratic-Republican hold	√ Samuel D. Ingham (DR) [Data unknown/missing.]
October 8, 1822	Pennsylvania 14	Henry Baldwin (DR) resigned May 8, 1822 because of his declining health and failing finances. Winner also elected to the next term in a different district.	Democratic-Republican hold	√ Walter Forward (DR) [Data unknown/missing.]
December 2, 1822	Indiana at-large	William Hendricks (DR) resigned July 25, 1822 to run for Governor of Indiana. Winner also elected to the next term in a different district	Democratic-Republican hold	√ Jonathan Jennings [Data unknown/missing.]
December 2, 1822	Maine 2	Ezekiel Whitman (F) resigned June 1, 1822.	Democratic-Republican gain	√ Mark Harris [Data unknown/missing.]
December 4, 1822	South Carolina 4	James Overstreet (DR) died May 24, 1822. Winner also elected to the next term.	Democratic-Republican hold	√ Andrew R. Govan (DR) [Data unknown/missing.]
December 10, 1822	Pennsylvania 7	Ludwig Worman (F) died October 17, 1822. Winner lost election to the next term.	Democratic-Republican gain	√ Daniel Udree (DR) [Data unknown/missing.]
December 11, 1822	South Carolina 9	James Blair (DR) resigned May 8, 1822. Winner also elected to the next term in a different district.	Democratic-Republican hold	√ John Carter (DR) [Data unknown/missing.]
December 13, 1822	South Carolina 2	William Lowndes (DR) died October 27, 1822. Winner also elected to the next term.	Democratic-Republican hold	√ James Hamilton, Jr. (DR) [Data unknown/missing.]

Alabama[edit]

Alabama increased from 1 to 3 Representatives in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Partei	First elected	Results	Candidates
Alabama 1 "Northern district"	Gabriel Moore Redistricted from the at-large district	Democratic-Republican	1821	Incumbent re-elected.
Alabama 2 "Middle district"	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain.	√ John McKee (Jackson Democratic-Republican) 24.7% Thomas Farrar 21.6% Jesse W. Garth (Democratic-Republican) 19.6% Marmaduke Williams (Democratic-Republican) 19.1% Sion L. Perry 7.9% John S. Fulton 7.0%
Alabama 3 "Southern district"	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain.

Connecticut[edit]

Connecticut lost one seat in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census.

Delaware[edit]

Delaware was reduced once more from 2 back to 1 representative after the Fourth Census, which number has remained constant to the present day. At the time of the 1822 election, the second seat in Delaware's at-large district was vacant, so there was only one incumbent going into the election.

Georgia[edit]

Georgia gained one seat in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census.

Illinois[edit]

Indiana[edit]

Indiana gained 2 Representatives in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census. Indiana's single at-large seat in the 17th Congress was empty at the time of the election, previous incumbent William Hendricks (Democratic-Republican) having resigned to run for Governor of Indiana. Jonathan Jennings (Jackson Democratic-Republican), elected to the new 2nd districtwas elected in the ensuing special election to fill the at-large district for the remainder of the 17th Congress.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Partei	First elected	Results	Candidates
Indiana 1	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain.
Indiana 2	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain.
Indiana 3	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain.

Kentucky[edit]

Kentucky gained 2 representatives in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census.

Louisiana[edit]

Louisiana gained two seats in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Partei	First elected	Results	Candidates
Louisiana 1	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain.
Louisiana 2	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain.	√ Henry H. Gurley (Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican) 46.1% W.S. Hamilton[f] 31.6% James M. Bradford 22.3%
Louisiana 3	Josiah S. Johnston Redistricted from the at-large district	Democratic-Republican	1820	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold.

Maine electoral law at this time required a majority for election, with additional ballots taken if a majority were not achieved. This proved necessary in 1822 in the 1st congressional district3rd congressional district4th congressional districtand 6th districts. Although Maine neither gained nor lost representatives after the Fourth Census, there was redistricting, which placed two incumbents into the 3rd district.

District	Incumbent	Partei	First elected	Ergebnis	Candidates
Maine 1	Joseph Dane	Federalist	1820 (Special)	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain.	First ballot: Isaac Lane (Democratic-Republican) 29.9% William Burleigh (Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican) 27.7% Thomas G. Thornton (Democratic-Republican) 11.4% Edward P. Hayman 8.8% Rufus McIntire (Jackson Democratic-Republican) 8.0% Benjamin Greene 7.5% John MacDonald 5.5% Others 1.2% Second ballot: William Burleigh (Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican) 41.6% Isaac Lane (Democratic-Republican) 33.5% Rufus McIntire (Jackson Democratic-Republican) 20.7% John MacDonald 1.3% Edward P. Hayman 1.0% Others 1.9% Third ballot: William Burleigh (Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican) 48.4% Rufus McIntire (Jackson Democratic-Republican) 42.2% Isaac Lane (Democratic-Republican) 7.7% Others 1.8% Fourth ballot:
Maine 2	Mark Harris	Democratic-Republican	1822 (Special)	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist gain.
Maine 3	Ebenezer Herrick Redistricted from the 5th district	Democratic-Republican	1820	Incumbent re-elected.	First ballot: Second ballot: Third ballot:
	Mark Langdon Hill	Democratic-Republican	1818	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic-Republican loss.
Maine 4	Joshua Cushman Redistricted from the 6th district	Democratic-Republican	1818	Incumbent re-elected.	First ballot: Joshua Cushman (Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican) 47.8% Ebenezer T. Warren (Democratic-Republican) 47.3% Sanford Kingsbury 1.7% James Parker (Democratic-Republican) 1.4% Thomas Fillebrown 1.3% Nathan Cutler 0.5% Second ballot: √ Joshua Cushman (Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican) 60.2% Ebenezer T. Warren (Democratic-Republican) 29.1% Josiah Prescott 7.5% Others 3.2%
Maine 5	Enoch Lincoln Redistricted from the 7th district	Democratic-Republican	1818 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Enoch Lincoln (Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican) 96.7% Ezekiel Thompson 1.7% Others 1.6%
Maine 6	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain.	First ballot: Jeremiah O'Brien (Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican) 31.4% Alfred Johnson Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 28.2% William Abbott (Federalist) 25.4% Aaron Holbrook (Democratic-Republican) 9.4% Jonathan D. Weston 3.9% Others 1.7% Second ballot: Jeremiah O'Brien (Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican) 40.8% Alfred Johnson Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 37.1% William Abbott (Federalist) 21.9% Others 0.2% Third ballot: √ Jeremiah O'Brien (Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican) 53.2% Alfred Johnson Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 26.6% William Abbott (Federalist) 18.7% Others 1.5%
Maine 7	William D. Williamson Redistricted from the 4th district	Democratic-Republican	1820	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ David Kidder (Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican) 51.8% William Emerson (Democratic-Republican) 24.7% Obid Wilson 17.8% Others 5.8%

Maryland[edit]

In the 5th district, Samuel Smith resigned on December 22, 1822,^[2] before the end of the 17th Congress. Special elections were held to fill the vacancies in the 17th and 18th Congresses.

Massachusetts[edit]

William Eustis (Democratic-Republican) of the 10th district resigned before the start of the 18th Congress and was replaced in special election by John Bailey (Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican). Bailey's election was contested and his seat vacated March 24, 1824. Another special election was held which re-elected Bailey.

Mississippi[edit]

Missouri[edit]

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Partei	First elected	Results	Candidates
Missouri at-large	John Scott	Democratic-Republican	1820	Incumbent re-elected.	√ John Scott (Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican) 60.0% John B. Lucas 25.2% Alexander Stuart 14.8%

New Hampshire[edit]

New Hampshire electoral law required a candidate to receive votes from a majority of voters for election, that is 1/12 of votes. Only five candidates received the requisite majority, and so a run-off election was held for the sixth seat.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Partei	First elected	Results	Candidates
New Hampshire at-large 6 seats on a general ticket	Josiah Butler	Democratic-Republican	1816	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold.	First ballot: √ Matthew Harvey (Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican) 16.6% √ William Plumer Jr. (Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican) 16.1% √ Aaron Matson (Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican) 15.2% √ Ichabod Bartlett (Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican) 14.9% √ Thomas Whipple Jr. (Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican) 11.6% Edmund Parker (Democratic-Republican) 6.8% Charles Wooman (Independent) 5.7% Arthur Livermore (Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican) 3.9% Estwicke Evans (Independent) 3.0% Richard Odell (Independent) 2.9% Nichol Eastman (Independent) 1.9% William Vale (Independent) 1.5% Second ballot: √ Arthur Livermore (Adams-Clay Democratic-Republican) 38.8% Edmund Parker (Democratic-Republican) 31.4% Richard Odell (Independent) 29.8%
	Nathaniel Upham	Democratic-Republican	1816	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold.
	Matthew Harvey	Democratic-Republican	1820	Incumbent re-elected.
	Aaron Matson	Democratic-Republican	1820	Incumbent re-elected.
	William Plumer Jr.	Democratic-Republican	1818	Incumbent re-elected.
	Thomas Whipple Jr.	Democratic-Republican	1820	Incumbent re-elected.

New Jersey[edit]

New York[edit]

New York's representation increased after the 1820 United States Census from 27 to 34 seats, elected from 30 districts, two with two members each, and one with three members.

As in the previous election, the Democratic-Republican Party in New York was divided into two factions, the "Bucktails" and the Clintonians, which distinction is not marked here. The Clintonians and the Federalists ran on a joint ticket in 1822 as in 1821, in some cases, it's unclear which party a candidate belonged to, those are marked Crawford Federalist.

In the 28th district, William B. Rochester (Democratic-Republican) was appointed judge of the 8th Circuit Court on April 21, 1823 and resigned his seat in the House, before the 18th Congress assembled, a special election was held which elected William Woods (Democratic-Republican) in his place.

In the 29th district, Isaac Wilson (Democratic-Republican) was initially declared the winner with 2,093 votes to 2,077 for Adams and took his seat when the 18th Congress assembled. After investigation, the House Committee on Elections determined that there had been erroneous vote totals reported from two towns, with the corrected totals being 2,072 votes for Adams and 2,071 for Wilson. On January 7, 1824, the House declared Adams the rightful holder of that seat.

North Carolina[edit]

In the 12th district, Vance and Walker both received 1,913 votes. At the time, the sheriffs of the four counties in that district cast the tie-breaking votes. Three voted for Vance, and one for Walker, giving the seat to Vance.^{[citation needed]}

Ohio gained 8 seats in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census.

Pennsylvania[edit]

Pennsylvania gained 3 Representatives in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census.

Rhode Island[edit]

South Carolina[edit]

Tennessee[edit]

Tennessee gained 3 Representatives in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Partei	First elected	Results	Candidates
Tennessee 1	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain.	√ John Blair (Jackson Democratic-Republican) 52.5% John Tipton 47.5%
Tennessee 2	John Cocke	Democratic-Republican	1819	Incumbent re-elected.	√ John Cocke (Jackson Democratic-Republican) 100%
Tennessee 3	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain.
Tennessee 4	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain.	√ Jacob C. Isacks (Jackson Democratic-Republican) 65.2% James Rogers 34.8%
Tennessee 5	Robert Allen Redistricted from the 4th district	Democratic-Republican	1819	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Robert Allen (Jackson Democratic-Republican) 99.8% Edward D. Trailer 0.2%
Tennessee 6	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain.	√ James T. Sandford (Jackson Democratic-Republican) 44.0% Andrew Erwin 31.0% Alfred M. Harris 25.1%
Tennessee 7	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain.	√ Sam Houston (Jackson Democratic-Republican) 99.9% Others 0.1%
Tennessee 8	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain.
Tennessee 9	None (District created)			New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain.	√ Adam R. Alexander (Jackson Democratic-Republican) 43.7% James Terrill 30.8% William R. Hess 25.5%

Vermont[edit]

Vermont lost 1 Representative in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census. For the 1822 election, Vermont switched back to using a single at-large district. This would be the last year that Vermont would use an at-large district until 1932, when its representation was reduced to a single representative.

Virginia[edit]

Virginia lost one Representative in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census. Nineteen incumbents ran for re-election leaving three open seats.

Non-voting delegates[edit]

There were three territories with the right to send delegates to the 18th Congress.

See also[edit]

1. ^ Corresponds to the sum of Adams-Clay Republicans (72), Jackson Republicans (64), and Crawford Republicans (53), if the 1824 votes for President are used to categorize. ^[1]
   


2. ^ ^{a b c d e} Elected in special election to fill vacancy in 17th Congress.
   


3. ^ Based on incomplete data.
   


4. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n} Numbers of votes missing or incomplete in source.
   


5. ^ Numbers of votes not available in source, said to have won by a majority of 101 votes.
   


6. ^ ^{a b} Source does not give full name.
   


7. ^ District numbers differed between source used and elsewhere on Wikipedia; district numbers used elsewhere on Wikipedia used here.
   


8. ^ Successfully contested election.
   


9. ^ ^{a b c d} Changed parties.
   

1. ^ Corresponds to the sum of Adams-Clay Federalists (15), Jackson Federalists (7), and Crawford Federalists (2), if the 1824 votes for President are used to categorize. See: "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives.
   


2. ^ ^{a b c} Changed from at-large
   


3. ^ Includes 1 plural district
   


4. ^ Majority required for election, which was not met in 3 districts, necessitating additional elections on March 3 and May 12, 1823
   


5. ^ Run-off election held for one seat on May 11, 1823
   


6. ^ Includes 3 plural districts
   


7. ^ Includes 6 plural districts
   


8. ^ Changed from district
   


9. ^ Majority required for election which was not met in 4 districts necessitating additional elections held on June 30, September 9, and November 3
   

References[edit]

Bibliography[edit]

• "A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787-1825". Tufts Digital Library, Tufts University. Retrieved January 17, 2015.


• Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland und Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.


• Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.


• "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.

External links[edit]