www .huntsvilleal . 19659091] Huntsville ist eine Stadt, die hauptsächlich im Madison County in der Region Appalach im Norden von Alabama liegt. [9] Huntsville ist der Bezirkssitz des Madison County. [10] Die Stadt erstreckt sich nach Westen in das benachbarte Limestone County [11] und nach Süden in Morgan County. [12] Die Bevölkerung von Huntsville betrug 180.105 bei der Volkszählung 2010. [13] Huntsville ist die drittgrößte Stadt in Alabama und die größte Stadt in Huntsville-Decatur-Albertville Bei der Volkszählung von 2013 hatte die Bevölkerung eine Gesamtbevölkerung von 683.871. [14] Die Einwohnerzahl der Huntsville Metropolitan Area betrug im Jahr 2010 417.593 [15] um die zweitgrößte in Alabama zu werden. [16] Die Bevölkerung der Huntsville Metro erreichte bis 2014 441.000 Einwohner wuchs über nahegelegene Hügel nördlich des Tennessee River Textilfabriken, dann Munitionsfabriken, das Marshall Space Flight Center der NASA und das United States Army Aviation and Missile Command im nahe gelegenen Redstone Arsenal. Der National Trust for Historic Preservation nannte Huntsville in seine Liste "America's Dozen Distinctive Destinations for 2010". [18]
Geschichte [ edit
Erste Siedler bearbeiten ]
Die ersten Siedler der Region waren Muscogee-sprechende Menschen. [19] Die Chickasaw behaupten traditionell, sich um 1300 niedergelassen zu haben, nachdem sie über den Mississippi nach Osten gekommen waren. Eine Kombination von Faktoren, darunter die Entvölkerung aufgrund von Krankheiten, Landstreitigkeiten zwischen Choctaw und Cherokee und der Druck der Regierung der Vereinigten Staaten hatten das Gebiet vor 1805 weitgehend entvölkert. In jenem Jahr siedelte sich der Veteran des Unabhängigkeitskriegs, John Hunt, im Land um den großen Frühling an . Der 1805-Vertrag mit den Chickasaws und der Cherokee-Vertrag von Washington von 1806 übertrugen einheimische Ansprüche an die Regierung der Vereinigten Staaten. Das Gebiet wurde später von LeRoy Pope gekauft, der das Gebiet Twickenham nach dem Heimatdorf seines weit entfernten Verwandten Alexander Pope benannte. [20]
Der große Frühling, das Zentrum des Straßenplans in Twickenham (1812 in "Huntsville" umbenannt) [19659108)] Twickenham wurde sorgfältig geplant, wobei die Straßen von Nordosten nach Südwesten ausgerichtet waren, basierend auf dem Fluss Big Spring. Aufgrund der anti-britischen Stimmung in dieser Zeit wurde der Name in "Huntsville" geändert, um John Hunt zu ehren, der gezwungen worden war, in ein anderes Land südlich der neuen Stadt zu ziehen. [21]
Sowohl John Hunt als auch LeRoy Pope waren Freimaurer und Gründungsmitglieder der Helion Lodge # 1, der ältesten Lodge in Alabama. [22]
Gründung [ edit ]
Im Jahr 1811 wurde Huntsville die erste eingetragene Stadt in Alabama. Das anerkannte Gründungsjahr der Stadt ist jedoch 1805, das Jahr, in dem John Hunt eintraf. Das 70-jährige Jubiläum der Stadt wurde 1955 [23] abgehalten, und die Zweihundertjahrfeier wurde 2005 gefeiert. [24]
Wade House, 1939, von Frances Benjamin Johnston
David Wade kam 1817 in Huntsville an. Er baute das David Wade House auf Die Nordseite der heutigen Bob Wade Lane (Robert B. Wade war Davids Enkel) östlich des Berges. Libanon Road. Es hatte sechs grobe dorische Säulen auf dem Portikus.
Während der Weltwirtschaftskrise wurde das Haus im Rahmen des Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) gemessen, der in das Regierungsarchiv aufgenommen werden soll, und wurde von Frances Benjamin Johnston für das Projekt fotografiert. Bei diesem Projekt sollten Architekten, Zeichner und Fotografen ein Inventar an Dokumentationen und Fotografien bedeutender Immobilien im ganzen Land erstellen. Das Haus war schon seit Jahren aufgegeben worden und erheblich verschlechtert. Es wurde 1952 abgerissen. Heute ist nur noch das Raubenhaus antebellum, eine imposante Struktur selbst, auf dem Grundstück erhalten. [25]
Aufstrebende Industrien [ edit
Huntsvilles schnelles Wachstum wurde durch den Reichtum erzeugt von der Baumwoll- und Eisenbahnindustrie. Viele wohlhabende Pflanzer zogen aus Virginia, Georgia und den Carolinas in die Region ein. Zitat benötigt ] Im Jahr 1819 veranstaltete Huntsville eine Verfassungskonferenz in Walker Allens großer Schreinerei. Die 44 dort versammelten Delegierten verfassten eine Verfassung für den neuen Bundesstaat Alabama. In Übereinstimmung mit der neuen Staatsverfassung wurde Huntsville mit der Aufnahme des Staates in die Union die erste Hauptstadt von Alabama. Dies war eine vorübergehende Benennung für nur eine Legislaturperiode. Die Hauptstadt wurde in zentralere Städte verlegt: nach Cahawba, dann nach Tuscaloosa und schließlich nach Montgomery. [] Zitat erforderlich
. 1855 wurden die Memphis and Charleston Railroad gebaut durch Huntsville, die erste Eisenbahnlinie, die die Atlantikküste mit dem unteren Mississippi River verband. Zitat erforderlich
Bürgerkrieg [ edit
Vogelperspektive von 1871 Huntsville, Alabama
Huntsville widersetzte sich zunächst 1861 der Abspaltung der Union, stellte jedoch viele Männer für die Bemühungen der Konföderation bereit. Zitat nötig The 4th Alabama Das Infanterieregiment, angeführt von Oberst Egbert J. Jones von Huntsville, zeichnete sich bei der Schlacht von Manassas / Bull Run aus, der ersten großen Begegnung des amerikanischen Bürgerkriegs. Die vierte Alabama-Infanterie, zu der zwei Huntsville-Gesellschaften gehörten, war die erste Alabama-Truppe, die im Krieg kämpfte, und war anwesend, als Lee sich im April 1865 im Appomattox Court House zu Grant ergab. Acht Generäle des Krieges wurden in oder in der Nähe von Huntsville geboren mit vier auf jeder Seite geteilt. Zitat erforderlich
Am Morgen des 11. April 1862 ergriff die von General Ormsby M. Mitchel angeführten Unionstruppen Huntsville, um sich abzutrennen die Bahnverbindungen der Konföderation und Zugang zur Memphis & Charleston Railroad. Huntsville war der Kontrollpunkt für die Western Division der Memphis & Charleston, [26] und durch die Kontrolle dieser Eisenbahnlinie hatte die Union eine direkte Verbindung nach Charleston, South Carolina.
Während der ersten Besetzung besetzten die Gewerkschaftsoffiziere viele der größeren Häuser in der Stadt, während die anderen Männer am Stadtrand lagerten. In der ersten Besatzung suchten die Unionstruppen sowohl nach in der Stadt versteckten Truppen der Konföderierten als auch nach Waffen. Nachdem sie sich etabliert hatten, verbrannten und besetzten die Besatzungsmitglieder die Stadt Huntsville nicht, obwohl die umliegenden Städte manchmal ins Visier genommen wurden. Die Behandlung gegen die Stadt war eigentlich zivil. [27]
Die Unionstruppen mussten sich einige Monate später zurückziehen, kehrten jedoch im Herbst 1863 nach Huntsville zurück und nutzten die Stadt als Operationsbasis für den Rest des Krieges. Während viele Häuser und Dörfer in der Umgebung als Vergeltungsmaßnahme für den aktiven Guerillakrieg in der Region niedergebrannt wurden, blieb Huntsville selbst verschont, weil es Teile der Unionsarmee enthielt.
Nach dem Bürgerkrieg [ edit ]
Nach dem Bürgerkrieg wurde Huntsville zu einem Zentrum für Baumwoll-Textilfabriken wie Lincoln, Dallas und Merrimack. Jede Mühlenfirma baute Arbeiterwohnungen in Gemeinden, zu denen Schulen, Kirchen, Lebensmittelgeschäfte, Theater und Baumärkte gehörten, die alle zu Fuß von der Mühle aus erreichbar waren. In einigen Fällen mussten die Arbeiter Waren in den Filialen des Unternehmens kaufen, was sie manchmal überhöhte. Die Mühlenbesitzer könnten Arbeiter aus der Unterkunft werfen, wenn sie gegen die Verhaltensregeln verstoßen. Zitat benötigt
Der im März in Huntsville erkrankte Afroamerikaner Robert Mosley wurde in Huntsville gehängt 22, 1890 von einem weißen Lynchmob. Er war einer der zehn schwarzen Männer, die von 1877 bis 1950 in Madison County, Alabama, gelyncht wurden. [28] Die meisten wurden durch diese Form des Rassen-Terrorismus in den Jahrzehnten um die Jahrhundertwende getötet. Zitat erforderlich ]
Eine Milchkuh namens Lily Flagg brach den Weltrekord für Butter Produktion im Jahr 1892. Ihr in Huntsville ansässiger Besitzer, General Samuel H. Moore, malte sein Haus buttergelb und organisierte eine Feier, um elektrische Lichter für die Tanzfläche zu arrangieren. [29] Ein Gebiet südlich von Huntsville wurde vor 1906 Lily Flagg genannt. [30] [31] Dieses Gebiet wurde später von der Stadt annektiert.
Große Depression der 1930er Jahre [ edit
In den 1930er Jahren ging die Industrie in Huntsville aufgrund der Weltwirtschaftskrise zurück. Huntsville wurde wegen seiner reichlichen Ernte in der Region als Welthauptstadt der Brunnenkresse [19459111[32] bekannt. Madison County führte Alabama in dieser Zeit in der Baumwollproduktion. [32]
Zweiter Weltkrieg [ edit
Bis 1940 war Huntsville noch relativ klein und hatte eine relativ kleine Bevölkerung von etwa 13.000 Einwohnern. Dies änderte sich schnell, als die US-Armee Anfang 1941 ein Grundstück von 35.000 Hektar (140 km 2 ) an den Südwesten der Stadt für den Bau von drei chemischen Munitionsanlagen auswählte: das Huntsville-Arsenal, die Redstone Ordnance Plant (bald) Redstone Arsenal) und das Gulf Chemical Warfare Depot. Diese waren während des gesamten 2. Weltkrieges in Betrieb, fast 20.000 Menschen zusammen. Die Ressourcen in der Region waren angespannt, als neue Arbeiter in die Region strömten, und der Bau von Wohnungen konnte nicht mithalten. [33]
Raketenentwicklung [ edit
Bei Kriegsende 1945 wurden die Munitionsanlagen nicht mehr benötigt. Sie wurden mit der Bezeichnung Redstone Arsenal (RSA) kombiniert, und es wurde ein erheblicher politischer und geschäftlicher Aufwand unternommen, um neue Mieter zu gewinnen. Ein bedeutender Anfang war die Herstellung des Keller-Automobils, das jedoch geschlossen wurde, nachdem 18 Fahrzeuge gebaut wurden. Mit Ermutigung des US-Senators John Sparkman berücksichtigte die US-Luftwaffe dies für eine große Testanlage, wählte dann jedoch einen anderen Standort aus. Redstone Arsenal war bereit für die Entsorgung, aber Sparkman nutzte seinen beträchtlichen Einfluss der südlichen Demokratie (der Solid South kontrollierte zahlreiche mächtige Vorsitzende von Kongresskomitees), um die Armee zu überzeugen, sie als Standort für die Entwicklung von Raketen und Raketen zu wählen. [34] [34] [34] 19659159] 1950 wurden etwa 1.000 Mitarbeiter von Fort Bliss, Texas, nach Redstone Arsenal versetzt, um das Ordnance Guided Missile Center (OGMC) zu gründen. Im Mittelpunkt stand eine Gruppe von etwa 200 deutschen Wissenschaftlern und Ingenieuren, angeführt von Wernher von Braun; Sie waren nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg von Oberst Holger Toftoy unter Operation Paperclip nach Amerika gebracht worden. Im Zentrum von Huntsville angesiedelt, siedelten und züchteten sie Familien in diesem Gebiet. [35]
Als der Korea-Krieg begann, erhielt der OGMC die Mission, die später zur Redstone-Rakete zu entwickeln. Diese Rakete bereitete die Bühne für das Raumfahrtprogramm der Vereinigten Staaten sowie für die wichtigsten Raketenprogramme der Armee in Huntsville vor. Toftoy, damals Brigadegeneral, kommandierte die OGMC und das gesamte Redstone Arsenal. Anfang 1956 wurde die Army Ballistic Missile Agency (ABMA) unter Generalmajor John Medaris gegründet. [34]
Raumfahrt [ edit
Die Stadt wird Spitznamen "The Rocket City" für die enge Verbindung zu US-Weltraummissionen. Am 31. Januar 1958 brachte ABMA den ersten Satelliten Amerikas, Explorer 1, mit einem Jupiter-C-Trägerfahrzeug, einem Nachkomme der Redstone, in den Orbit. Dies brachte die Aufmerksamkeit von Redstone Arsenal und Huntsville auf nationaler Ebene, wobei weithin anerkannt wurde, dass dies ein bedeutendes Zentrum für Hochtechnologie ist.
Am 1. Juli 1960 wurden 4.670 zivile Angestellte, dazugehörige Gebäude und Ausrüstungen und 740 km Land von ABMA zur Gründung des NAS C. George Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) der NASA übertragen. . Wernher von Braun war der ursprüngliche Direktor von MSFC. Am 8. September weihte Präsident Dwight D. Eisenhower die MSFC offiziell ein. [36]
In den 1960er Jahren bestand die Hauptmission der MSFC in der Entwicklung der Saturn-Booster, die von der NASA im Apollo Lunar Landing Program verwendet werden . Zu diesem Zweck hat MSFC seine Mitarbeiterzahl stark erhöht, und viele neue Unternehmen traten der Industrie in Huntsville bei. Der Cummings Research Park wurde nördlich von Redstone Arsenal entwickelt, um diesem industriellen Wachstum teilweise Rechnung zu tragen, und ist mittlerweile der zweitgrößte Forschungspark dieser Art in Amerika.
Huntsvilles Wirtschaft war beinahe verkrüppelt, und das Wachstum kam in den 70er Jahren nach dem Abschluss des Apollo-Programms fast zum Erliegen. Das Aufkommen des Space Shuttle, der Internationalen Raumstation und einer Vielzahl fortgeschrittener Forschung in den Weltraumwissenschaften führte jedoch zu einem Wiederaufleben der mit der NASA in Verbindung stehenden Aktivitäten, die sich bis ins 21. Jahrhundert fortsetzten. Darüber hinaus sind in Redstone Arsenal neue Armeeverbände entstanden, insbesondere auf dem immer weiter wachsenden Gebiet der Raketenabwehr.
In den 2000er Jahren hat Huntsville den zweitgrößten Technologie- und Forschungspark der Nation, [37] und zählt zu den 25 am besten ausgebildeten Städten der Nation. [38] [38] [38] 19659168] [39] [40] Es ist in der Spitze der High-Tech-Hotspots der Nation, [41] [42] und eine der besten südlichen Stadt für Verteidigungsjobs, [43] ist die Nummer eins in den Vereinigten Staaten für Ingenieure, die mit der Anerkennung, die sie erhalten, am zufriedensten sind, [44] mit hohem Durchschnittsgehalt und niedriger mittlerer Bruttomiete. [45]
Biotechnology edit ]
In Huntsville haben sich aufgrund der Huntsville Biotech Initiative mehr als 25 Biotechnologieunternehmen entwickelt. [46] Das HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology ist das Herzstück des Cummings Research Park Biotech Campus, der zum Cummings Research Park gehört und im 4.000 Hektar großen Cummings Research Park liegt, der an zweiter Stelle hinter North Carolina's Research Triangle Park liegt. Das gemeinnützige HudsonAlpha Institute hat die Enzyklopädie der DNA-Elemente (ENCODE) mit Genomik und Genetik unterstützt. Die gewinnorientierten Geschäftsaktivitäten des Biotech Campus konzentrieren sich auf Themen wie Infektionsdiagnostik, Immunreaktionen auf Krankheiten und Krebs, Proteinkristallisation, Lab-on-a-Chip-Technologien und verbesserte landwirtschaftliche Technologien. Die University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH) hat ein Promotionsprogramm im Bereich Biotechnologie ins Leben gerufen, um Wissenschaftler bei der Unterstützung von HudsonAlpha zusätzlich zur aufstrebenden Biotechnologie-Wirtschaft in Huntsville zu unterstützen. Der strategische Plan der Universität hat die Biotechnologie als eines ihrer aufstrebenden Felder für zukünftige Bildung und Forschung. [47]
Geographie [ edit
Huntsville liegt bei . 34 ° 42'N 86 ° 35'W / 34.700 ° N 86.583 ° W / 34.700; -86,583 (34,7, -86,6) [48] Die Stadt hat eine Gesamtfläche von 543,9 km 2 . [49] Huntsville ist durch kürzliche Anbauungen nach Westen in den Limestone County gewachsen, insgesamt 21,5 Quadratmeilen (56 km 2 ) oder 5688 ha (5.619 ha). [50]
Im Tennessee River Valley ist Huntsville teilweise von mehreren Hochebenen und großen Hügeln umgeben. Diese Plateaus sind mit dem Cumberland-Plateau verbunden und werden lokal als "Berge" bezeichnet. Der Monte Sano Berg (spanisch für "Berg der Gesundheit") ist der bemerkenswerteste und liegt östlich der Stadt zusammen mit Round Top (Burritt), Chapman, Huntsville und Green Mountains. [51] Andere sind der Wade Mountain im Norden, der Rainbow Mountain im Westen und die Weeden und Madkin Mountains auf der Redstone Arsenal-Liegenschaft im Süden. Der Brindley Mountain ist im Süden über den Tennessee River sichtbar.
Wie bei anderen Gegenden entlang des Cumberland-Plateaus ist das Land um Huntsville von Natur aus karstig. Die Stadt wurde rund um den Großen Frühling gegründet, der eine typische Karstquelle ist. Viele Höhlen durchbohren das Kalkgestein unter der Oberfläche, wie es in Karstgebieten üblich ist. Die National Speleological Society hat ihren Sitz in Huntsville.
Grenzen [ edit ]
Die Stadt ist in erster Linie von Land ohne eigene Rechtspersönlichkeit umgeben. Die folgenden eingemeindeten Gebiete grenzen an Teile der Stadt: [52]
Mehrere nicht eingetragene Gemeinden grenzen auch an Huntsville, darunter:
Die Stadtgrenzen von Huntsville dehnten sich nach Westen aus, um sie zu umschließen, und umgaben die Nachbarstadt Madison im Jahr 2011 vollständig. [52]
Klima [
in Huntsville ein feuchtes subtropisches Klima (Köppen Klimaklassifikation Cfa ). Es erlebt heiße, feuchte Sommer und im Allgemeinen milde Winter mit durchschnittlich hohen Temperaturen, die von nahe 32 ° C (32,2 ° C) im Sommer bis 9 ° C (49 ° F) im Winter reichen.
Huntsville liegt in der Nähe des Zentrums eines großen Gebiets im Mittleren Süden der USA, in dem es im Winter und im Frühling maximal Niederschlag gibt, nicht im Sommer. Durchschnittlicher jährlicher Niederschlag ist mehr als 54 Zoll. Im Durchschnitt ist der feuchteste Einzelmonat Dezember, aber Huntsville hat eine längere Regenzeit von November bis April, mit einem Durchschnitt von 5 oder mehr Zoll pro Monat. Die relativ trockeneren Monate sind von August bis Oktober. [ Zitierbedarf ] Dürren können im Sommer auftreten, aber in der Regel gibt es genug Regen, um die Umgebung sehr üppig und feucht zu halten. Ein Großteil des Niederschlags in Huntsville wird von Gewittern geliefert. Zitat erforderlich ] Gewitter sind im Frühling am häufigsten und die schwersten Stürme treten im Frühjahr und im späten Herbst auf. [ Zitat erforderlich Diese Stürme können großen Hagel auslösen, der die Windgeraden und die Tornados beschädigt. Huntsville liegt in einer Region, die umgangssprachlich als Dixie Alley bekannt ist, ein Gebiet, das anfälliger für gewalttätige, langlebige Tornados ist als die meisten anderen Teile der USA. [54] [55]
Am April 27, 2011, der größte Tornado-Ausbruch, der 2011 verzeichnet wurde, der Super Outbreak, betraf den Norden Alabamas. Während dieses Ereignisses zerstörte ein EF5-Tornado, der in der Nähe des Kernkraftwerks Browns Ferry verfolgt wurde, viele Getriebetürme und verursachte einen mehrtägigen Stromausfall für die Mehrheit von Nord-Alabama. Derselbe Tornado führte auch zu erheblichen Schäden in der Anderson Hills-Unterteilung und in Harvest, Alabama. Insgesamt wurden neun Personen im Madison County getötet und viele andere verletzt. [56] Andere bedeutende Tornado-Ereignisse sind der Super Outbreak im April 1974, der Tornado-Ausbruch im November 1989, bei dem 21 Menschen getötet und fast 500 verletzt wurden, und der Anderson Hills Tornado, bei dem einer getötet wurde und 1995 großen Schaden anrichtete. [57] [58] Am 21. Januar 2010 erlebte Huntsville einen seltenen Tornado mitten im Winter. Es registrierte EF2 auf der erweiterten Fujita-Skala und führte zu mäßigem Schaden. Da es nicht mit Regen umhüllt war und leicht fotografiert werden konnte, erhielt es eine umfangreiche Berichterstattung in den Medien. [59]
Da Huntsville fast 480 km im Landesinneren liegt, kommen Hurrikans selten mit voller Wucht an; Viele geschwächte tropische Stürme durchqueren jedoch das Gebiet, nachdem die Küste der USA an der Golfküste der USA gelandet ist. Während die meisten Winter messbaren Schnee haben, ist starker Schnee in Huntsville selten. Es gab jedoch einige ungewöhnlich heftige Schneestürme, wie etwa den Schneesturm für Silvester 1963, als innerhalb von 24 Stunden 17 cm (43 cm) fiel. Ebenso waren der Blizzard von 1993 und der Schneesturm des Groundhog Day im Februar 1996 bedeutende Winterereignisse für Huntsville. Am Weihnachtstag 2010 zeichnete Huntsville über 10 cm (4 Zoll) Schnee und am 9. und 10. Januar 2011 erhielt der Flughafen von 23,9 cm (8,9 Zoll) am Flughafen und bis zu 10 Zoll (25 cm) in den Vororten. [60]
19659368] 19659368] 19659368] 19659368] 19659370] Est. 2017
194,585
[7]
8,0%
US. Decennial Census [63] Schätzung von 2014 [64]
Bei der Volkszählung von 2000 gab es 158.216 Menschen, 66.742 Haushalte und 41.713 Familien, die in der Stadt lebten. Die Bevölkerungsdichte betrug 909,0 Einwohner pro Meile (351,0 / km 2 ). Es gab 73.670 Wohneinheiten mit einer durchschnittlichen Dichte von 163,4 / km . Die rassische Verfassung der Stadt bestand aus 64,47% Weißen, 30,21% Schwarzen oder Afroamerikanern, 0,54% amerikanischen Ureinwohnern, 2,22% Asiaten, 0,06% Pazifikinsulanern, 0,66% aus anderen ethnischen Gruppen und 1,84% stammten von zwei oder mehr Rennen. Hispanoamerikaner oder Latino jeglicher Rasse waren 2,04% der Bevölkerung. Nicht-hispanische Weiße machten 2010 58% der Bevölkerung aus, [65] verglichen mit 86,9% im Jahre 1970. [66]
Es gab 66.742 Haushalte, von denen 27,6% hatten Kinder, die mit ihnen zusammenlebten, 45,5% waren verheiratete Paare, 13,7% hatten eine Haushälterin ohne Ehemann und 37,5% waren keine Familien. 32,3% aller Haushalte bestanden aus Einzelpersonen, und in 9,2% lebten Menschen, die 65 Jahre oder älter waren. Die durchschnittliche Haushaltsgröße betrug 2,29 und die durchschnittliche Familiengröße war 2.91. Haushalte mit gleichgeschlechtlichem Paar machten 0,5% aller Haushalte aus.
2010 Volkszählung [ edit ]
Karte der Rassenverteilung in Huntsville, US-Volkszählung 2010. Jeder Punkt beträgt 25 Personen: White Black Asian Hispanic oder Other (gelb)
] Nach der Volkszählung von 2010 gab es 180.105 Menschen, 77.033 Haushalte und 45.416 Familien, die in der Stadt wohnen. The population density was 857.6 people per square mile (332.7/km2). There were 84,949 housing units at an average density of 405.3 per square mile (156.9/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 60.3% White, 31.2% Black or African American, 0.6% Native American, 2.4% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 2.9% from other races, and 2.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.8% of the population.
There were 77,033 households out of which 24.9% had children living with them, 40.1% were married couples living together, 14.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.0% were non-families. 34.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.25 and the average family size was 2.91.
Demographic distribution[edit]
Population by age[citation needed]
Age
<18
18-24
25-44
45-64
65+
Proportion (%)
23.1
10.7
29.3
23.4
13.4
Sex ratio and income distribution[edit]
Median age
37
Sex ratio F:M
100:92.8
Sex ratio age 18+ F:M
100:89.7
Median income
$41,074
Family Median income
$52,202
Male Median income
$40,003
Female Median income
$26,085
Per capita Income
$24,015
Percent Below poverty
12.8
Age < 18 Below poverty
18.7
Age 65+ Below poverty
9.0
Politics and government[edit]
Huntsville's Administration Building, also known as City Hall
The current mayor of Huntsville is Tommy Battle, who was first elected in 2008 and then re-elected in 2012 and 2016. The City Administrator is John Hamilton, who replaced Rex Reynolds on January 1, 2014 when Reynolds retired.[67] The city has a five-member/district City Council. The current members are:[68]
District 1 (Northwest): Devyn S. Keith, Council President
District 2 (East): Frances Akridge
District 3 (Southeast): Dr. Jennie Robinson
District 4 (Southwest): Bill Kling, Jr., Third Presiding Officer
District 5 (West): Will Culver, President Pro Tempore
Council elections are staggered, meaning that Districts 2, 3, and 4 had elections in August 2018, while Districts 1 and 5 had elections simultaneously with mayoral elections in 2020.
The city has boards and commissions which control everything from schools and planning to museums and downtown development.
In July 2007, then Senator Barack Obama held the first fundraiser in Alabama for his Presidential campaign in Huntsville. Obama ended up winning the Alabama Democratic Primary and Madison County by large margins in 2008. However, in the general election, John McCain carried Madison County with 57% of the vote.
See also: List of mayors of Huntsville, Alabama
Public safety and health[edit]
In 2007, Mayor Loretta Spencer combined the police, fire, and animal services departments to create the Department of Public Safety.[69] The former chief of police was appointed as its director. The new department has nearly 900 employees and an annual budget of $63 million.
Fire[edit]
The Huntsville Fire and Rescue[70] provides fire protection for the city. On a daily basis the department staffs and coordinates nineteen engine companies, five ladder trucks, four rescue trucks, along with a Special Operations Division that includes Hazardous Materials Units, Technical Rescue Units, and several specialized support units. Huntsville Fire & Rescue also has Fire Investigations, emergency response dispatch, logistics, and training divisions, all of which are diverse, innovative and efficient. Many Huntsville firefighters are members of the regional Hazardous Materials and Heavy Rescue[71] response teams. The day-to-day operations of the department are currently carried out by the department's Fire Chief.
Volunteer organizations[edit]
Huntsville has two volunteer public safety organizations in their city. The Huntsville-Madison County Rescue Squad is the county wide volunteer rescue organization with tasks ranging from vehicle extrication to water rescues. The other is the Huntsville Cave Rescue Unit which is the region's only all-volunteer cave rescue organization. It is tasked with cave, cliff and high angle rope rescues. These organizations are located in Huntsville but operate both in the city and outside with HCRU responding to many cave rescue calls coming from caves well outside the city limits.
EMS[edit]
Huntsville Emergency Medical Services Inc.(HEMSI)[72] provides emergency services to Huntsville and surrounding Madison county. HEMSI operates 17 ALS ambulance crews, 2 BLS ambulance crews, and 1 wheel chair transport from 12 stations located in Huntsville and Madison County. HEMSI also operates 1 ALS ambulance crew at The Marshall Space Flight Center located on Redstone Arsenal.
Police[edit]
The Huntsville Police Department[73] has 3 precincts and 1 downtown HQ, 400 sworn officers, 150 civilian personnel, and patrols an area of 194.7+ square miles (this number has grown due to recent annexations).
Police Academy[edit]
The Huntsville Police Academy has been in operation since 1965.[74] In 2014, the academy had graduated 53 basic classes and 7 lateral classes.[75]
Hospitals[edit]
Economy[edit]
Huntsville's main economic influence is derived from aerospace and military technology. Redstone Arsenal, Cummings Research Park (CRP), and NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center comprise the main hubs for the area's technology-driven economy. CRP is the second largest research park in the United States and the fourth largest in the world. University of Alabama in Huntsville is a center for technology and engineering research in the area. There are commercial technology companies such as the network access company ADTRAN, computer graphics company Intergraph and designer and manufacturer of IT infrastructure Avocent. Cinram manufactures and distributes 20th Century Fox DVDs and Blu-ray Discs out of their Huntsville plant. Sanmina-SCI has a presence in the area. Fifty-seven Fortune 500 companies have operations in Huntsville.[77]
In 2005, Forbes magazine named the Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area as 6th best in the nation for doing business, and number one in terms of the number of engineers per total employment. In 2006, Huntsville dropped to 14th; the prevalence of engineers was not considered in the 2006 ranking.
Retail[edit]
There are several strip malls and shopping malls throughout the city. Huntsville has one enclosed mall, Parkway Place, built in 2002 on the site of the former Parkway City Mall. A larger mall built in 1984, Madison Square Mall, was closed in 2017 and the site is to be redeveloped into a lifestyle center. There is also a lifestyle center named Bridge Street Town Centre, completed in 2007, in Cummings Research Park.
Space and defense[edit]
Huntsville remains the center for rocket-propulsion research in NASA and the Army. The Marshall Space Flight Center has been designated to develop NASA's future Space Launch System (SLS),[78] and the U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Command (AMCOM) is responsible for developing a variety of rocket-based tactical weapons.
Infrastructure[edit]
Transportation[edit]
Huntsville is served by several U.S. Highways, including 72, 231, 431 and an Interstate highway spur, I-565, that links the two cities of Huntsville and Decatur to I-65. Alabama Highway 53 also connects the city with I-65 in Ardmore, Tennessee. Major roadways include University Drive, Governors Drive, Airport Road, Memorial Parkway and Research Park Blvd.
Cited as "Restore Our Roads", the city of Huntsville, between 2014 and 2019, will perform about $383 million worth of road construction to improve the transportation infrastructure.[79] Some of the funds for the road work comes from an increase in sales tax,[80] while others come from various sources including the Alabama Transportation Rehabilitation and Improvement Program.[81] Major road projects include:
Memorial Parkway overpasses at Martin Road, Lily Flagg, and Mastin Lake Road
Widening US 72 over Chapman Mountain
Widening US 72 from Providence Main Street to County Line Road from 4 lanes to 6 lanes
Access and intersection improvements along Memorial Parkway
Extending the Northern Bypass from Pulaski Pike to US-231/431
Widening Cecil Ashburn Drive over Huntsville Mountain from 2 to 4 lanes
Additional road projects include reconstructing Holmes Avenue over Pinhook Creek, widening Zierdt, Martin and Winchester Roads, widening Old Madison Pike from Cummings Research Park to the city of Madison, relocating and widening Church Street north of Downtown, relocating Wynn Drive to allow an extension of the Calhoun Community College campus, various improvements along US 431 north of Hampton Cove, creating a new Downtown Gateway with the extension of Harvard Road from Governors Drive to Williams Avenue to create a direct connection to Downtown, and extending Weatherly Road to the new Grissom High School.
In 2015, Alabama and Huntsville were not considered bicycle friendly.[82] There are bike paths for exercise available.[83] Huntsville government is working to improve bicycle network within the city limits.[84]
Public transit[edit]
Public transit in Huntsville is run by the city's Department of Parking and Public Transit.[85] The Huntsville Shuttle runs 11 fixed routes throughout the city, mainly around downtown and major shopping areas like Memorial Parkway and University Drive and has recently expanded some of the buses to include bike racks on the front for a trial program. A trolley makes stops at tourist attractions and shopping centers. The city runs HandiRide, a demand-response transit system for the handicapped, and RideShare, a county-wide carpooling program.
Railroads[edit]
Huntsville has two active commercial rail lines. The mainline is run by Norfolk Southern, which runs from Memphis to Chattanooga, Tennessee. The original depot for this rail line, the Huntsville Depot, still exists as a railroad museum, though it no longer offers passenger service.
Another rail line, formerly part of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad (L&N), successor to the Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway (NC&StL), is being operated by the Huntsville and Madison County Railroad Authority (HMCRA). The line connects to the Norfolk Southern line downtown and runs 13 miles (21 km) south, passing near Ditto Landing on the Tennessee River, and terminating at Norton Switch, near Hobbs Island. This service, in continuous operation since 1894, presently hauls freight and provides transloading facilities at its downtown depot location. Until the mid-1950s, the L&N provided freight and passenger service to Guntersville and points South. The rail cars were loaded onto barges at Hobbs Island. The barge tows were taken upstream through the Guntersville Dam & Locks and discharged at Port Guntersville. Remnants of the track supporting piers still remain in the river just upstream from Hobbs Island. The service ran twice daily. L&N abandoned the line in 1984, at which time it was acquired by the newly created HMCRA, a state agency.
A third line, the Mercury and Chase Railroad, runs 10-mile (16 km) weekend tourist rides on part of another former NC&StL and L&N line from the North Alabama Railroad Museum's Chase Depot, located in the community of Chase, Alabama. Their collection includes one of the oldest diesel locomotives in existence (1926). The rail line originally connected Huntsville to NC&StL's Nashville-to-Chattanooga mainline in Decherd, Tennessee. The depot was once the smallest union station in the United States when it served the NC&StL and Memphis and Charleston Railroad, the predecessor to the Norfolk Southern.[86]
Air service[edit]
The Huntsville International Airport is served by several regional and national carriers, including Delta Air Lines, United Airlines, and American Airlines. Delivery companies have hubs in Huntsville, making flights to Europe, Asia, and Mexico.[87] The airport has the highest average fares in US as of June 2014.[88]
Ports[edit]
The inland Port of Huntsville combines the Huntsville International Airport, International Intermodal Center, and Jetplex Industrial Park for truck, train and air transport. The intermodal terminal transfers truck and train cargo to aircraft. The port has on-site U.S. Customs and USDA inspectors. The port is Foreign Trade Zone No. 83.[citation needed]
Bicycle routes[edit]
There are several bicycle routes in the city,[89][90][91] but access to these routes can be limited.[citation needed]
Utilities[edit]
Electricity, water, and natural gas are all provided in Huntsville by Huntsville Utilities (HU).[92] HU purchases and resells power from the Tennessee Valley Authority. TVA has two plants that provide electricity to the Huntsville area- Browns Ferry Nuclear Power Plant in Limestone County and Guntersville Dam in Marshall County. A third, Bellefonte Nuclear Power Plant in Jackson County, was built in the 1980s but was never activated. TVA plans to eventually activate the plant.[93]
Telephone service in Huntsville is provided by AT&T, EarthLink, WOW!, and Comcast. Comcast and WOW! are the two cable providers in the Huntsville city limits. Mediacom operates in rural outlying areas. AT&T announced the start of its DSL U-verse service in the Huntsville-Decatur metro area in November 2010.[94]
Media and communications[edit]
Newspapers[edit]
The Huntsville Times has been Huntsville's only daily newspaper since 1996, when the Huntsville News closed. Before then, the News was the morning paper, and the Times was the afternoon paper until 2004. The Times has a weekday circulation of 60,000, which rises to 80,000 on Sundays. Both papers were owned by the Newhouse chain.[95]
In May 2012, Advance Publications, owner of the Times, announced that the Times would become part of a new company called the Alabama Media Group,[96] along with the other three newspapers and two websites owned by Advance. As part of the change, the newspapers moved to a three-day publication schedule, with print editions available only on Wednesday, Friday and Sunday. The Huntsville Times and its sister papers publish news and information 7 days a week on AL.com.[97]
A few alternative newspapers are available in Huntsville. The Valley Planet[98] covers arts and entertainment in the Tennessee Valley area. The Redstone Rocket[99] is a newspaper distributed throughout Redstone Arsenal's housing area covering activities on Redstone. Speakin' Out News[100] is a weekly newspaper focused on African Americans. El Reportero is a Spanish-language newspaper for North Alabama.
Magazines[edit]
Huntsville Life Magazine is a lifestyle magazine, which is published six times annually.[101]
No'Ala Huntsville is a lifestyle magazine, which is published six times annually.
Radio[edit]
Huntsville is the 106th largest radio market in the United States.[102] Station KIH20 broadcasts the National Weather Service's forecasts and warnings for the Huntsville area.
Television[edit]
The Huntsville DMA serves 15 counties in North Alabama and 6 counties in Southern Middle Tennessee.
TV Stations
Film[edit]
A few feature films have been shot in Huntsville, including 20 Years After[103] (2008, originally released as Like Moles, Like Rats),[104]Air Band (2005),[105] and Constellation (2005).[106] Portions of the film SpaceCamp (1986) were filmed at Huntsville's U.S. Space and Rocket Center at the eponymous facility. The U.S. Space and Rocket Center stood in for NASA in the 1989 movie Beyond the Stars starring Martin Sheen, Christian Slater, and Sharon Stone. Following in the motif of the "Rocket City", Columbia Pictures filmed Ravagers (1979) in The Land Trust's Historic Three Caves Quarry, at the U.S. Space and Rocket Center, and on location at an antebellum home located next door to Lee High School. This cult classic starred Richard Harris, Ernest Borgnine, Ann Turkel, Art Carney and Cecily Hovanes.
Huntsville's legacy in the space program continues to draw film producers looking for background material for space-themed films. During the pre-production of the film Apollo 13 (1995), the cast and crew spent time at Space Camp and Marshall Space Flight Center preparing for their roles. Space Camp was mentioned in the film Stranger than Fiction and was featured in a 2008 episode of Penn & Teller: B.S.! on NASA.
There are 7 movie theaters located in Huntsville.[citation needed]
Education[edit]
K–12 education[edit]
The majority of K–12 students in Huntsville attend Huntsville City Schools.[107] In the 2007–2008 school year 22,839 students attended Huntsville City Schools, 77% of all students scored at or above state and national ACT averages, and of the 1,279 members of the graduating class, "approximately 92% of the students indicated that they planned to enter a post-secondary institution for further study, 43% obtained scholarship & monetary awards", and "received 2,988 scholarships totaling $33,619,040, had forty-one National Merit Scholars, three National Achievement Scholars, and two perfect ACT scores."[108]
Of the 53 schools in the Huntsville City Schools system in 2007–2008, there were:[108]
25 elementary, and
Two K–8, which serve 10,836 students.
For grades 6–12, there are 11,696 students enrolled in the following schools:
Eleven middle schools (grades 6–8)
Seven high schools
Three special centers (two Schools of Choice and one Program of Choice [1B])
Four magnet schools (two with grades K–8 and two with grades 9–12)
The two magnet elementary schools are the Academy for Academics and Arts and the Academy for Science and Foreign Language. The three magnet middle schools are Williams Technology, The Academy for Academics and Arts, and the Academy for Science and Foreign Language, and the two magnet high schools are Lee High School and New Century Technology High School.
Approximately 21 private, parochial, and religious schools serve students in grades pre-K–12. There are several accredited private Christian schools in the city. Among them are Saint John Paul II Catholic High School,[109] Faith Christian Academy,[110]Oakwood Adventist Academy,[111] Whitesburg Christian Academy, Grace Lutheran School, and Westminster Christian Academy. Randolph School is the only independent, private K-12 school in the city.[112]
In 2007, 60% of HCS teachers had at least a master's degree or better.[108]
Budgeting[edit]
The following was the disposition of annual funding in 2007: Instructional services – 54%, Instruction support services – 15%, Operation and maintenance – 11%, capital outlay – 8%, auxiliary services – 7%, general administrative services – 3%, and debt and other expenditures – 2%.[108]
Higher education[edit]
Huntsville's higher education institutions are:
The University of Alabama in Huntsville is the largest university serving the greater Huntsville area with more than 7,700 students. Approximately half of the university's graduates earn a degree in engineering or science, making it one of the larger producers of engineers and physical scientists in Alabama. UAHuntsville has been ranked by the Carnegie Foundation as a very high research institution, placing it among the top 75 public research universities in the nation. UAHuntsville is also ranked as a Tier 1 national university by U.S. News & World Report.
Alabama A&M University is the oldest university in the Huntsville area extending back to 1875. Oakwood University, founded in 1896, is a Seventh-day Adventist university with over 1,800 students and a member institution of the United Negro College Fund. It is one of the nation's leading producers of black applicants to medical schools.
Various colleges and universities have satellite locations or extensions in Huntsville:
Culture[edit]
Historic districts[edit]
Twickenham Historic District was chosen as the name of the first of three of the city's historic districts. It features homes in the Federal and Greek Revival architectural styles introduced to the city by Virginia-born architect George Steele about 1818, and contains the most dense concentration of antebellum homes in Alabama. The 1819 Weeden House Museum, home of female artist and poet Howard Weeden, is open to the public, as are several others in the district.
Old Town Historic District[122] contains a variety of styles (Federal, Greek Revival, Queen Anne, and even California cottages), with homes dating from the late 1820s through the early 1900s.
Five Points Historic District,[123] consists predominantly of bungalows built around the beginning of the 20th century, by which time Huntsville was becoming a mill town.
Lowe Mill Village & Lincoln Mill Village were born during the textile boom of the 1890s and were recognized for their historical importance in 2011 along with Dallas Mill Village.[124]
Museums[edit]
US Space & Rocket Center is home to the US Space Camp and Aviation Challenge programs as well as the only Saturn V rocket designated a National Historic Landmark.
Alabama Constitution Village features eight reconstructed Federal style buildings, with living-museum displays downtown.[125]
Burritt on the Mountain, located on Monte Sano Mountain, is a regional history museum and regional event venue featuring a 1950s mansion, interpretive historic park, nature trails, scenic overlooks and more.[126]
Clay House Museum is an antebellum home built c. 1853 which showcases decorative styles up to 1950 and has an outstanding collection of Noritake porcelain.[127]
Early Works Museum is a child friendly interactive museum in downtown Huntsville.[125]
Harrison Brothers Hardware Store, established in 1879, is the oldest operating hardware store in Alabama. Though now owned and operated by the Historic Huntsville Foundation, it is still a working store, and part museum featuring skilled craftsmen who volunteer to run the store and answer questions.[128][129]
The Historic Huntsville Depot, completed in 1860, is the oldest surviving railroad depot in Alabama and one of the oldest surviving depots in the United States.[130]
Huntsville Museum of Art in Big Spring International Park offers permanent displays, traveling exhibitions, and educational programs for children and adults.[131]
North Alabama Railroad Museum is a railroad museum with over 30 pieces of rolling stock.[132]
The Veterans Memorial Museum displays more than 30 historical military vehicles from World War I to the present, including the world's oldest jeep. Also on display are many artifacts, memorabilia, and small arms dating back to the Revolutionary War.[133]
Parks[edit]
Big Spring International Park
There are 57 parks within the city limits of Huntsville.[134] In 2013, for the fifth time in seven years, Huntsville was named a 'Playful City USA' by KaBOOM! (non-profit organization) for their efforts to provide a variety of play opportunities for children that included after school programs and parks within walking distance of home.[135]
Big Spring International Park is a park in downtown Huntsville centered on a natural water body (Big Spring). The park contains the Huntsville Museum of Art. Festivals are held there, such as the Panoply Arts Festival and the Big Spring Jam. There are fish in the spring's niche. There is a waterfall and a constantly lit gas torch.
Creekwood Park is a 71 acres (29 ha) park with a full-scale children's playground and dog park that connects to the Indian Creek Greenway.[136]
Huntsville Botanical Garden features educational programs, woodland paths, broad grassy meadows and stunning floral collections.[137]
Burritt on the Mountain features an eccentric, mid-century mansion and museum, an interpretive historic park depicting rural life in the 19th century, educational programs for children and adults, accessible nature trails, panoramic views of the city below and functions as a venue for popular regional events throughout the year.[138]
John Hunt Park is the city's largest park with over 400 acres (160 ha) of open space, tennis courts, soccer fields and walking trails.[139]
Jones Farm Park is a park set in Jones Valley. The park encompasses 33 acres, and offers 2 ponds, a paved trail, and a pavilion.[140]
Land Trust of North Alabama is a member supported, non-profit organization dedicated to the conservation of the natural heritage of the area, and has preserved more than 5,500 acres (22 km2) of open space, wildflower areas, wetlands, working farms, and scenic vistas in North Alabama, including 1,107 acres (448 ha) of the Monte Sano Nature Preserve (Monte Sano Mountain), 1,471 acres (595 ha) of the Blevins Gap and Green Mountain Nature Preserves (Huntsville & Green Mountains), and 935 acres (378 ha) of the Wade Mountain Nature Preserve. Volunteers have created and maintain 62 mi (100 km) of public trails – all of which are within the Huntsville city limits.[141]
Lydia Gold Skatepark,[142] located behind the Historic Huntsville Depot, is open to the public. In 2003, it was dedicated to the late Lydia Leigh Gold (1953–1993), an area skateboarding activist in the 1980s and the former owner of "Tattooed Lady Comics and Skateboards". Helmets are the only pad requirement. No bikes, scooters, or other wheeled vehicles are allowed – only skateboards and rollerblades are permitted.[143]
Monte Sano State Park[144] has over 2,000 acres (8.1 km2) and features hiking and bicycling trails, rustic cabins built by the Civilian Conservation Corps, campsites, full RV hook-ups, and a recently reconstructed lodge.[145]
Festivals[edit]
February/March: Annual Maslenitsa "Spring Festival"[146] is held in late winter (February or March) in Madison County. A goodbye to Winter and welcome to Spring, it is associated with ancient pagan traditions, the Orthodox Church, and the fifteen East-European, Baltic, Central Asian, Russian, and Southern Caucasus nations represented. This annual, family-friendly event includes a menu with crêpe-like blini as its centerpiece; the festival is also called "Pancake Week". It is brought together by a partnership between Madison County, sponsoring 501(c)(3) organizations, and Kazakh, Moldovan, Ukrainian, Russian, Georgian, and other community representatives. Traditional dance, authentic regional folk-songs and instrumentals, fashions, children's activities, and wonderful foods are part and parcel of the celebration.
April: Panoply Arts Festival[147] is an annual arts festival that began on May 14, 1982. It is presented by The Arts Council[148] and is held on the last full weekend of each April in Big Spring International Park and the Von Braun Center. The festival includes performance stages featuring presentations, demonstrations, performances, competitions, and workshops to promote the arts. There are children's activities, a Global Village, strolling performers, and nightly fireworks displays. The Southeast Tourism Society consistently ranks the festival among their "Top Twenty Events" and Governor Bob Riley has announced it as one of Alabama's top ten tourism events.[149]
May: Rocket City Brewfest is an annual craft beer festival that began in 2009 by the local Free the Hops organization.[150] Brewfest has been held at the historical Huntsville Depot Roundhouse each May on the second Friday evening and Saturday afternoon usually before Mother's Day.[151]
June: The annual Cigar Box Guitar Festival[152] is held the first week of June at Lowe Mill Arts and Entertainment. It is the world's longest running Cigar Box Guitar festival[153] and features live music using home made instruments in the tradition, makers from across the region, and includes workshops and demonstrations.
September: Big Spring Jam (1993–2011) was an annual three-day music festival held on the last full weekend of September in and around Big Spring International Park in downtown Huntsville. It featured a diversity of music including rock, country, Christian, kid-friendly, and oldies.[154]
September: The Annual International Festival of North Alabama (iFest)[155] is held each Fall on the UAHuntsville Campus. This free family event offers displays from many nations, presentations, travel/historic literature, hosts in native apparel, children's activities, and other audio-visuals emblematic of the wide diversity of participating countries. In addition, there are live performances and demos by local and touring artists, as well as international food vendors, an Open Air Market, and a colorful "Parade of Nations."
October: Con†Stellation is an annual general-interest science fiction convention.[156] Con†Stellation (also written as Con*Stellation) has been generally held over a Friday-Sunday weekend in October each year (as of 2012).
Public golf courses[edit]
Hampton Cove[157] is one of the eleven courses making up the Robert Trent Jones Golf Trail; named after Hampton Cove, it features two championship 18-hole courses and one par-three course.
Sunset Landing Golf Club (located next to the airport)
Private golf courses[edit]
Established in 1925, the historic Huntsville Country Club[158] boasts a challenging 18-hole course with dining and banquet facilities located just Northwest of downtown at 2601 Oakwood Avenue.
The Ledges is Huntsville's newest golf community with 18 holes, dining and banquet facilities overlooking Jones Valley.
Valley Hill Country Club features 27 holes in South Huntsville's Jones Valley.
The Links on Redstone Arsenal is available for Military, NASA, and others that have base access. The Links has four separate 9-hole courses, a driving range, a putting and chipping green, and even play foot golf – a soccer version of golf.[159]
Libraries[edit]
The Huntsville-Madison County Public Library,[160] founded in late October 1818, is Alabama's oldest continually operating library system. It has 13 branches throughout the county including one bookmobile. The Huntsville branches are the Bailey Cove Branch Library, Bessie K. Russell Branch Library, Downtown Huntsville Library, Eleanor E. Murphy Branch Library, Oscar Mason Branch Library, and Showers Center Library. The Downtown Huntsville Library Archives contains a wealth of historical resources, including displays of photographic collections and artifacts, has Alabama's highest materials circulation rate, and features daily public programs. The library system provides free public access Internet computers and wireless Internet access in all facilities.
Arts associations[edit]
Several arts groups have passed the 50-year mark: Huntsville Community Chorus Association;[161] Huntsville Art League; Theatre Huntsville (through its parent company);[162] Broadway Theatre League;[163] Fantasy Playhouse Children's Theatre;[162] Rocket City Chorus; Huntsville Symphony Orchestra;[164] and Huntsville Photographic Society among them.
Arts Council[edit]
Founded in October 1962 as a non-profit, 501(c)(3) organization, the Arts Council, Inc.[165] (TAC) includes over 100 local arts organizations and advocates. TAC sponsors the arts through five core programs:
Arts Education — including the "Meet the Artist" interactive, "distance learning" program at Educational Television[166] and ArtVentures summer arts camp;
Member services;
the annual Panoply Arts Festival[147]
Concerts in the Park, a series of "summer serenades under the stars" held at Big Spring International Park in partnership with the City[167]
Community Information Services, featuring "Boost Your Buzz", an annual publicity workshop.
TAC promotes the visual arts with two galleries: art@TAC, using the walls near the company's Von Braun Center[168] offices and the JavaGalleria. TAC supports The Bench Project[clarification needed][169] and the strategic planning effort to support Huntsville-Madison County's economic development goals through expanded arts and cultural opportunities known as Create Huntsville.[170]
Performing arts[edit]
Twickenham Fest is Alabama's Premiere Summer Chamber Music Festival. Founded in 2010, this festival brings world class musicians into Huntsville to perform chamber music repertory over a week-long. This festival is free to the public due to philanthropic support from the Huntsville community.[citation needed]
The Huntsville Community Chorus Association[171] (HCCA) is one of Alabama's oldest performing arts organizations, with its first performance dating to December 1946 (per its website, the Mobile Opera Guild — the state's oldest — first performed in April of that year). HCCA produces chorale concerts and musical theater productions. In addition, the company features its madrigal singers; "Glitz!" (a show choir); a chamber chorale; an annual summer melodrama/fundraiser; and three children's groups: the Huntsville Community Chorus (HCC) Children's Chorale (ages 3−5); the HCC Treble Chorale (ages 6−8); and the HCC Youth Chorale (ages 9−12).
Broadway Theatre League[172] was founded in 1959. BTL presents a season of national touring Broadway productions each year, a family-fun show, and additional season specials. Shows are presented in the Von Braun Center's Mark C. Smith Concert Hall. Recent productions include Mamma Mia!A Chorus LineThe Color Purpleand An Evening with Patti LuPone and Mandy Patinkin.
The Flying Monkey Arts Center[173] is in the historic Lowe Mill under the auspices of Lowe Mill ARTS and Entertainment[174] and hosts events[175] such as the traditional Cigar Box Guitar festival, the Sex Workers' Art Show, concerts, and many presentations of the Film Co-op.[176]
Huntsville Symphony Orchestra[177] is Alabama's oldest continuously operating professional symphony orchestra, featuring performances of classical, pops and family concerts, and music education programs in public schools.
Fantasy Playhouse Children's Theatre,[178] Huntsville's oldest children's theater, was founded in 1960. An all-volunteer organization, Fantasy Playhouse performs for the children of north Alabama on stage and off. Fantasy Playhouse Theater Academy, the organization's dance, music, and art school, teaches children and adults each year. Fantasy Playhouse regularly produces three plays a year with an additional play, A Christmas Carolproduced early each December.
Theatre Huntsville,[179] the result of a merger between the Twickenham Repertory Company (1979–1997) and Huntsville Little Theatre (1950–1997), is a 501(c)(3), non-profit, all-volunteer arts organization that presents six plays each season in the Von Braun Center Playhouse. It produces the annual "Shakespeare on the Mountain" in an outdoor venue, such as Burritt on the Mountain. Presentations range from The Foreigner and Noises Off to the occasional musical (Little Shop of Horrors and Nunsense). In addition, TH presents drama-related workshops (stage management, stage makeup, etc.), as announced.
Independent Musical Productions,[180] was founded in 1993 and presents at least one annual main production such as RagtimeCivil War1776Into the WoodsRENTand Sweeney Todd. Standard and original musicals for children as well as outreach programs complete the season.
Plays are performed at Renaissance Theatre,[181] with two stages, the MainStage (upstairs) and the Alpha Stage (downstairs), each seating about 85. The theaters are housed in the former Commissary Building for the historic Lincoln Mill Village.[182][183] In addition to well-known and mainstream titles, Renaissance produces original, controversial, and offbeat plays. It was the site for the East Coast premiere of "The Maltese Falcon."
Merrimack Hall Performing Arts Center[184] is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization that opened in 2007, after nearly $3 million in renovations to the historic building. It was once the social center of the Merrimack Mill Village in the early 1900s. The Company Store, gymnasium, and bowling alley were all there and provided a place for socialization and recreation to all of the village's residents. Merrimack Hall now includes a 302-seat performance hall, a 3,000-square-foot (280 m2) dance studio, and rehearsal and instructional spaces for musicians. Productions and performers include Menopause The MusicalDixie's Tupperware PartyBilly Bob Thornton and The Boxmasters, Dionne Warwick, Lisa Loeb, Claire Lynch, and the Second City Comedy Troupe.
Ars Nova School of the Arts[185] is a conservatory for music and performing arts. Ars Nova produces musical theatre, opera, and operetta for the local stage.
The Huntsville Youth Orchestra[186] was founded by Russell Gerhart, founding conductor of the Huntsville Symphony Orchestra, in 1961. The HYO is a non-profit corporation whose purpose is to "foster, promote, and provide the support necessary for students from North Alabama to experience musical education in an orchestral setting." The organization has six ensembles: the Huntsville Youth Symphony, Sinfonia, Philharmonia, Concert Orchestra, Intermezzo Orchestra, and Novice Strings.
Huntsville Chamber Music Guild[187] was organized in 1952 to promote and present chamber music programs; the group seeks to present recitals in which artists are presented in works of the classical masters.
The Huntsville Ballet Company is under the non-profit Community Ballet Association, Inc. The Huntsville Ballet Company performs ballets each year such as The Nutcracker, Romeo and Juliet, The Firebird, and Swan Lake.[188]
Visual arts[edit]
The Huntsville Museum of Art[189] opened in 1970. It purchased the largest privately owned, permanent collection of art by American women in the U.S., featuring Anna Elizabeth Klumpke, among others.[190]
The Huntsville Photographic Society[191] started in 1956. A non-profit organization, the HPS is dedicated to furthering the art and science of photography in North Alabama.
The Huntsville Art League[192] started in 1957, adopting the name "The Huntsville Art League and Museum Association" (HALMA). In addition to their Visiting Artists and "Limelight Artists" series, which highlight both nonresident and member artists at the home office, HAL features its members' works at galleries located in the Jane Grote Roberts Auditorium of the Huntsville-Madison County Public Library – Main, the Heritage Club, and the halls of the Huntsville Times.
Convention center and arena[edit]
The Von Braun Center, which originally opened in 1975 as the Von Braun Civic Center, has an arena capable of seating 10,000, a 2,000-seat concert hall, a 500-seat playhouse (330 seats with proscenium staging), and 150,000 square feet (14,000 m2) of convention space. Both the arena and concert hall have undergone major renovations; as a result, they have been rechristened the Propst Arena and the Mark C. Smith Concert Hall, respectively.
Local breweries[edit]
Straight to Ale opened in 2010 in North Huntsville, later relocated to South Huntsville, and then moved to Campus 805 in West Huntsville.[193][194]
Yellowhammer Brewing opened in 2010 in West Huntsville.[195] It later moved to Campus 805 in West Huntsville.
Below the Radar Brewpub[196] opened in 2012 just a few blocks off the square in downtown Huntsville.[197]
Salty Nut Brewery opened in 2013 in North Huntsville.[198] It is currently located in the former Yellowhammer Brewing location in West Huntsville.
Mad Malts opened in late 2013 just North of downtown Huntsville under the name 'The Brew Stooges' until Fall 2015.[199][200]
Green Bus Brewing in downtown Huntsville opened in late 2015.[201]
InnerSpace Brewing opened in 2018 in West Huntsville, between Salty Nut Brewery and Yellowhammer Brewing.
Comedy and other entertainment[edit]
Huntsville is home to a number of comedy shows, including:
Coppertopia Comedy Open Mic[202]
Epic Comedy Hour[203]
Maggie Myer's Irish Pub TGIM Comedy Open Mic[204]
Stand Up Live comedy club[205]
Other[edit]
Current sports franchises[edit]
Past sports franchises[edit]
Stadiums[edit]
Notable people[edit]
Sister cities[edit]
Huntsville's sister cities include:
References[edit]
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^[1][dead link]
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