1818 und 1819 Wahlen zum Repräsentantenhaus der Vereinigten Staaten

Wahlen zum Abgeordnetenhaus der Vereinigten Staaten für den 16. Kongress wurden zwischen dem 28. April 1818 (in New York) und dem 12. August 1819 (in North Carolina) in den verschiedenen Bundesstaaten abgehalten, wobei Alabama seinen ersten gewählt hatte Vertreter vom 20. bis 21. September 1819 während der ersten Amtszeit von James Monroe. Der Kongress versammelte sich am 6. Dezember 1819.

Die Wahlen fanden in einer Zeit statt, in der es keine dringenden bundesstaatlichen Fragen gab und ein Gefühl des nationalen Konsenses über die Wirksamkeit der Regierungspartei bestand. Der Zusammenbruch der Föderalisten setzte sich fort, da die Unterstützung der Partei außerhalb Neuenglands aufgrund der nachlassenden Akzeptanz ihrer Ideologie und des anhaltenden Zorns über die von der Hartford-Konvention erzeugte sezessionistische Doktrin düster war. Die Demokratischen Republikaner nutzten diese Wahl, um ihre enorme Mehrheit zu erhöhen.

Wahlzusammenfassungen [ edit ]

Illinois wurde 1818 zugelassen und fügte einen Sitz hinzu. ^[3]

Alabama und Maine wurden während des 16. Jahrhunderts zugelassen Kongress. Ein neuer Sitz wurde für Alabama hinzugefügt, ^[2] während Maine sich von Massachusetts getrennt hatte. Daher setzten sich Vertreter des ehemaligen Distrikts Maine im Kongress fort, der Maine repräsentierte. Während dieses Kongresses wurden keine allgemeinen Wahlen für Vertreter von Maine abgehalten. Bei der nächsten Wahl wurden 7 Sitze von Massachusetts nach Maine verlegt. ^[3]

↓

158	28
Demokratisch-Republikaner	Federalist

Bundesstaat	Typ	↑ Datum	Insgesamt Sitze	Demokratisch- Republikaner		Federalist
				Sitze	Änderung	Sitze	Änderung
New York	Bezirke	28.-30. April 1818	27	21	6	1	1	10	2	0	6	7	0	1	6	6	3	9	6	5	13	7	Späte Wahlen (nach dem 4. März 1819 Beginn der Amtszeit)
Virginia	Bezirke	April 1819	23	20	6	1	1	6	10	3	1	0	[b]	186	158 84,9%	28 15,1%
Haussitze Demokratisch-Republikaner 84,9% Federalist 15,1%

Sonderwahlen [ 1818 und 1819 fanden Sonderwahlen zum 15. Kongress der Vereinigten Staaten und zum 16. Kongress der Vereinigten Staaten statt.

Sonderwahlen werden nach Datum und dann nach Distrikt sortiert.

15. Kongress [ edit ]

Distrikt	Amtsinhaber			Dieses Rennen
	Mitglied	Partei	Zuerst gewählt	Ergebnisse	Kandidaten
Illinois at-large	Keiner (Distrikt erstellt)			Illinois wurde am 3. Dezember 1818 zugelassen. Neues Mitglied gewählt 1818 . Demokratisch-Republikanischer Gewinn . Neues Mitglied mit Sitz am 4. Dezember 1818 Laufzeit bis zum 3. März 1819. [4] Im nächsten Jahr verlor das neue Mitglied die Wiederwahl, siehe unten.	√ John McLean (Demokratisch-Republikaner) 50,2% Daniel P. Cook (Demokratisch-Republikaner) 49,8%
Connecticut at-large	Uriel Holmes	Federalist	1816	Der Amtsinhaber trat irgendwann 1818 zurück. Neues Mitglied wurde vor dem November 1818 gewählt . Demokratisch-Republikanischer Gewinn . Nachfolger am 16. November 1818. [4] Nachfolger war kein Kandidat für die nächste Amtszeit, siehe unten.	√ Sylvester Gilbert (Demokratisch-Republikaner) 48,6% Lyman Law (Föderalist) 23,8% Asa Bacon Jr. (Föderalist) 15,2% Epaphroditus Champion (Föderalist) 7,0% [19459035LewisBSturges(Föderalist)18% Charles Dennison (Föderalist) 1,5% Nathan Smith (Föderalist) 1,1% John Davenport Jr. (Föderalist) <1% Benjamin Talmadge (Föderalist) ) <1% James Gould (Föderalist) <1% [5]
North Carolina 7	Vacant			Das gewählte Mitglied Alexander McMillan starb vor Beginn dieses Kongresses. Neues Mitglied gewählt 1. Januar 1818 . Demokratisch-Republikanischer Gewinn . Nachfolger am 26. Januar 1818. [4] Nachfolger verloren später Wiederwahl, siehe unten.	√ James Stewart (Demokratisch-Republikaner) 40,6% John Culpepper (Föderalist) 36,9% Atlas Jones (Föderalist) 18,1% James Gaines 3,2% [c] Joseph Winslow (Föderalist) ) 1,3% [6]
Alabama Territory at-large	Keiner (Distrikt erstellt)			Neuer Sitz. Neues Mitglied gewählt 29. Januar 1818 . Nachfolger am 9. März 1818. [4] Nachfolger in den neuen Staat gewählt, siehe unten.	√ John Crowell [Data unknown/missing.]
South Carolina 6 "Edgefield Bezirk"	John C. Calhoun	Demokratisch-Republikaner	1810	Der amtierende Amtsinhaber trat am 3. November 1817 zurück, um US-Kriegsminister zu werden. Im Januar 1818 wurde neues Mitglied gewählt . Demokratisch-Republikanische Partei. Nachfolger am 9. Februar 1818. [4] Nachfolger wiedergewählt, siehe unten.	√ Eldred Simkins (Demokratisch-Republikaner) 40,8% William Butler (Demokratisch-Republikaner) 30,4% Joseph Black (Demokratisch-Republikaner) 28,8% [7] [7] 19659031] Massachusetts 20 Bezirk "7. Osten" District of Maine [10] [19456598] Louisiana at-large Albion K. Parris Demokratisch-Republikaner 1814 Der amtierende Amtsinhaber trat am 3. Februar 1818 zurück. Neues Mitglied gewählt 16. März 1818 . Demokratisch-Republikaner halten. Später wiedergewählt, siehe unten. Nachfolger am 16. November 1818. [4] √ Enoch Lincoln (Demokratisch-Republikaner) 57,0% Judah Dana 25,7% Samuel A. Bradley (Föderalist) 17.3 % [8] Pennsylvania 6 John Ross Demokratisch-Republikaner 1808 Der amtierende Amtsinhaber trat am 24. Februar 1818 zurück, um Präsident des 7. Richters des Bundesstaates Pennsylvania zu werden. Neues Mitglied gewählt am 3. März 1818 . Demokratisch-Republikanischer Besitz. Nachfolger im März 24. Juli 1818. [4] Nachfolger trat am 6. Juli 1818 zurück, siehe unten. √ Thomas J. Rogers (Demokratisch-Republikaner) 93,0% Samuel Sitgreaves (Föderalist) 7,0% Pennsylvania 4 Jacob Spangler Demokratisch-Republikaner 1816 Der amtierende Amtsinhaber trat am 20. April 1818 zurück. Neues Mitglied gewählt Zwischen April und November 1818 . Demokratisch-Republikanischer Besitz Nachfolger am 16. November 1818. [4] Nachfolger auch für die nächste Amtszeit gewählt, siehe unten. √ Jacob Hostetter (Demokratisch-Republikaner) 49,7% Samuel Bacon (Demokratisch-Republikaner) 44,7% John Clark 5,7% Thomas B. Robertson Demokratisch-Republikaner 1812 Der amtierende Amtsinhaber trat am 20. April 1818 zurück. Neues Mitglied gewählt vom 6. bis 8. Juli 1818 . Demokratisch-Republikaner halten. Nachfolger am 16. November 1818. [4] Der Nachfolger wählte am selben Tag die nächste Amtszeit, siehe unten. √ Thomas Butler (Demokratisch-Republikaner) 45,1% Edward Livingston 33,4% Joseph Johnston 19,6% Fulwar Skipwith 1,5% [11] [1945653] Pennsylvania 6 Samuel D. Ingham Demokratisch-Republikaner 1818 (Speziell) Amtsinhaber trat am 6. Juli 1818 zurück. Neues Mitglied gewählt 13. Oktober 1818 . Demokratisch-Republikaner halten. Nachfolger ebenfalls am selben Tag zur nächsten Amtszeit gewählt, siehe Nachfolger am 16. November 1818. [4] √ Samuel Moore (Demokratisch-Republikaner) [12] ] North Carolina 11 Daniel Forney Demokratisch-Republikaner 1815 Der Amtsinhaber trat irgendwann 1818 zurück. Neues Mitglied gewählt 7. November 1818 . Föderalistischer Gewinn . Nachfolger am 2. Dezember 1818. [4] Nachfolger später wiedergewählt, siehe unten. √ William Davidson (Federalist) 51,9% John Reid (Demokratisch-Republikaner) 48,1% [13] Virginia 19 Peterson Goodwyn Demokratisch-Republikaner 1803 Amtsinhaber starb am 21. Februar 1818. Neues Mitglied gewählt 16. November 1818 . Demokratisch-Republikanischer Besitz Nachfolger am 21. April 1818. [4] Nachfolger verlorene Wiederwahl, siehe unten. √ John Pegram (Demokratisch-Republikaner) 53,9% James Jones (Demokratisch-Republikaner) 46,1% Georgia at-large John Forsyth Demokratisch-Republikaner 1812 Incumbent resigned November 23, 1818 when elected U.S. Senator. New member elected January 4, 1819 both to finish the term and to the next term. Democratic-Republican hold. Successor seated February 18, 1819.[4] √ Robert R. Reid (Democratic-Republican) 66.7% Homer Virgil Milton (Unknown) 33.3%[15] North Carolina 10 George Mumford Democratic-Republican 1817 Incumbent died December 31, 1818. New member elected between January 1, 1819 and February 11, 1819. Democratic-Republican gain. Successor seated February 11, 1819.[4] Successor was later re-elected to the next term, see below. √ Charles Fisher (Democratic-Republican) 48.6%[16] [Data unknown/missing.] 16th Congress[edit] Alabama[edit] See Special elections, above. Connecticut[edit] Connecticut elected its members September 21, 1818. The delegation changed from seven Federalists to seven Democratic-Republicans then the retirement of six incumbents and the party-change of the seventh. Delaware[edit] Delaware elected its members October 5, 1818. Georgia[edit] Georgia elected its members October 5, 1818. Illinois[edit] Illinois elected its member August 2, 1819, after the new congress began but before the first session convened. The incumbent had just been elected to the new seat in late 1818. Indiana[edit] Indiana re-elected its member August 3, 1818. Kentucky[edit] Kentucky elected its members August 3, 1818. Louisiana[edit] Louisiana elected its member July 6–8, 1818. Louisiana held an election for the 16th Congress at the same time that it held a special election to finish the 15th Congress. Data were only available for the special election, but the general election would presumably have had very similar results, and so the results for the special election are duplicated here. Maryland[edit] Maryland elected its members October 5, 1818. Massachusetts[edit] Massachusetts elected its members November 2, 1818. Massachusetts's electoral law required a majority for election, necessitating additional elections in five districts on April 5, 1819 and July 26, 1819. This was the last election in which the District of Maine — comprising congressional districts 14 through 20 — was part of Massachusetts. The District became the State of Maine during the 16th Congress. District[h] Incumbent This race Member Party First elected Results Candidates[d] Massachusetts 1 Jonathan Mason Federalist 1817 (Special) Incumbent re-elected. √ Jonathan Mason (Federalist) 64.5% Andrew Ritchie (Democratic-Republican) 35.5% Massachusetts 2 Nathaniel Silsbee Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent re-elected. √ Nathaniel Silsbee (Democratic-Republican) 64.2% Timothy Pickering (Federalist) 34.5% Thomas Stevens (Federalist) 1.3% Massachusetts 3 Jeremiah Nelson Federalist 1804 1806 (Retired) 1814 Incumbent re-elected. √ Jeremiah Nelson (Federalist) 87.0% Joseph Bradley Varnum (Democratic-Republican) 7.9% Others 5.1% Massachusetts 4 Timothy Fuller Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent re-elected. √ Timothy Fuller (Democratic-Republican) 63.9% Samuel P. Fay (Federalist) 36.1% Massachusetts 5 Elijah H. Mills Federalist 1814 Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist hold. First ballot (November 2, 1818): Samuel Lathrop (Federalist) 48.1% Isaac C. Bates (Federalist) 22.7% Thomas Shepherd (Democratic-Republican) 19.6% Joseph Lyman (Federalist) 9.5% Second ballot (April 5, 1819): √ Samuel Lathrop (Federalist) 55.5% Thomas Shepherd (Democratic-Republican) 27.7% Joseph Lyman (Federalist) 16.8% Massachusetts 6 Samuel C. Allen Federalist 1816 Incumbent re-elected. √ Samuel C. Allen (Federalist) 86.2% Elihu Lyman (Democratic-Republican) 8.0% Others 5.8% Massachusetts 7 Henry Shaw Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent re-elected. First ballot (November 2, 1818): Henry Shaw (Democratic-Republican) 48.8% Henry W. Dwight (Federalist) 47.0% Ambrose Hall 2.7% Others 1.5% Second ballot (April 5, 1819): √ Henry Shaw (Democratic-Republican) 50.8% Henry W. Dwight (Federalist) 45.8% Others 3.4%[20] Massachusetts 8 Zabdiel Sampson Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent re-elected. √ Zabdiel Sampson (Democratic-Republican) 59.6% William Bourne (Federalist) 40.4% Massachusetts 9 Walter Folger Jr. Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent re-elected. √ Walter Folger Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 51.3% John Reed Jr. (Federalist) 48.7% Massachusetts 10 Marcus Morton Democratic-Republican 1816 Re-elected √ Marcus Morton (Democratic-Republican) 55.0% Francis Baylies (Federalist) 43.8% Hodijah Baylies 1.2% Massachusetts 11 Benjamin Adams Federalist 1816 Incumbent re-elected. √ Benjamin Adams (Federalist) 59.8% Sumner Barstow (Democratic-Republican) 40.2% Massachusetts 12 Solomon Strong Federalist 1814 Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist hold. √ Jonas Kendall 63.5% Edmund Cushing (Democratic-Republican) 31.7% Others 4.8% Massachusetts 13 Nathaniel Ruggles Federalist 1812 Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. √ Edward Dowse (Democratic-Republican) 54.9% Nathaniel Ruggles (Federalist) 45.1% Massachusetts 14 John Holmes Democratic-Republican 1816 Incumbent re-elected. √ John Holmes (Democratic-Republican) 93.6% Others 6.4% Massachusetts 15 Ezekiel Whitman Federalist 1808 1810 (Lost) 1816 Incumbent re-elected. √ Ezekiel Whitman (Federalist) 54.0% Arthur Ware (Democratic-Republican) 46.0% Massachusetts 16 Benjamin Orr Federalist 1816 Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. First ballot (November 2, 1818): Mark L. Hill (Democratic-Republican) 48.6% Benjamin Orr (Federalist) 38.0% Others 13.4% Second ballot (April 5, 1819): Mark L. Hill (Democratic-Republican) 52.1%[i] Benjamin Orr (Federalist) 41.3% Joshua Head (Federalist) 7.3%[21] Third ballot (July 26, 1819): √ Mark L. Hill (Democratic-Republican) 52.1% Benjamin Orr (Federalist) 47.9%[22] Massachusetts 17 John Wilson Federalist 1816 Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. First ballot (November 2, 1818): Martin Kinsley (Democratic-Republican) 41.3% John Wilson (Federalist) 29.9% Leonard Jarvis (Democratic-Republican) 24.7% Others 4.1% Second ballot (April 5, 1819): Martin Kinsley (Democratic-Republican) 48.3% John Wilson (Federalist) 29.9% Leonard Jarvis (Democratic-Republican) 15.7% Others 6.1% Third ballot (July 26, 1819): √ Martin Kinsley (Democratic-Republican) 61.7% John Wilson (Federalist) 29.3% Leonard Jarvis (Democratic-Republican) 2.4% Others 6.7% Massachusetts 18 Thomas Rice Federalist 1814 Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. First ballot (November 2, 1818): James Parker (Democratic-Republican) 49.7% Peter Grant (Federalist) 41.8% Joshua Gage (Democratic-Republican) 5.3% Others 3.2% Second ballot (April 5, 1819): √ James Parker (Democratic-Republican) 57.3% Thomas Rice (Federalist) 34.8% Joshua Gage (Democratic-Republican) 7.2% Massachusetts 19 Joshua Gage Democratic-Republican 1816 Ran in the 18th district and lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. √ Joshua Cushman (Democratic-Republican) 56.1% Thomas Rice (Federalist) 43.9% Massachusetts 20 Enoch Lincoln Democratic-Republican 1818 (Special) Incumbent re-elected. √ Enoch Lincoln (Democratic-Republican) 66.6% Samuel A. Bradley (Federalist) 33.4% Mississippi[edit] Mississippi elected its member August 2–3, 1819, after the new congress began but before the first session convened. New Hampshire[edit] New Hampshire elected its members March 9, 1819, after the new congress began but before the first session convened. New Jersey[edit] New Jersey elected its members October 13, 1818. New York[edit] New York elected its members April 28–30, 1818, the earliest of any state. At this time, the Democratic-Republicans in New York were divided into two factions, the "Bucktails" who were opposed to Governor Dewitt Clinton's Erie Canal project, led by Martin Van Buren, and on the other side, Clinton's supporters, known as Clintonians. In many districts, the remaining Federalists allied with the Clintonians, with candidates running on a joint ticket. Several candidates who ran under that joint ticket cannot be clearly categorized, and are marked C/F. Others who ran under the joint ticket are marked by their party with a footnote indicating that they ran under the joint ticket. North Carolina[edit] North Carolina elected its members August 12, 1819, after the new congress began but before the first session convened. Ohio elected its members October 13, 1818. Pennsylvania[edit] Pennsylvania elected its members October 13, 1818. Rhode Island[edit] Rhode Island elected its members August 25, 1818. South Carolina[edit] South Carolina elected its members October 12–13, 1818. Tennessee[edit] Tennessee elected its members August 5–6, 1819, after the new congress began but before the first session convened. Vermont[edit] Vermont elected its members September 1, 1818. Virginia[edit] Virginia elected its members in April 1819, after the new congress began but before the first session convened. Non-voting delegates[edit] There were four territories with the right to send non-voting delegates to at least part of the 16th Congress, two of which, Michigan Territory and Arkansas Territory were new to this Congress. See also[edit] ^ Excludes states admitted after the start of the 16th Congress ^ a b c Includes late elections ^ Party affiliation not given in source ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Only candidates with at least 1% of the vote listed. ^ Late election to the 15th Congress ^ a b c d Full name unknown ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Numbers of votes missing or incomplete in source.[citation needed] ^ District numbers differed between source used and elsewhere on Wikipedia; district numbers used elsewhere on Wikipedia used here ^ Electoral data presumably incomplete in source ^ a b In New York's 1st districtan election dispute arose. Initial returns showed the winners to be Silas Wood and Ebenezer Sage. This election was contested, however, on the grounds that there were 396 votes for "James Guyon" which, when added to the total number of votes reported for James Guyon Jr., would place Guyon in second place, above Sage. Sage never appeared to take his seat, and Guyon was awarded the seat January 14, 1820.[17] ^ a b c d e f g h i j Ran under Clintonian/Federalist joint ticket. ^ Election contested. ^ The official certificate of vote in the General Assembly Session Records states that Slocumb won by 1,476 votes. No other returns are known to exist for this race.[citation needed] ^ a b c Based on incomplete data. ^ The Raleigh Register reported September 3, 1819 that Walker won the race by 587 votes. ^ Changed parties ^ a b c Initial returns showed Rollin C. Mallary in 8th place with 6,879 votes and Orsamus Cook Merrill in 6th place with 6,955 votes, but after challenging the results, the House Committee on Elections declared Mallary the winner of the last seat with 6,961 votes, a 6-vote lead over Merrill.[citation needed] Mallary was seated January 13, 1820.[17] References[edit] ^ 3 Stat. 430 ^ 3 Stat. 492 ^ 3 Stat. 555 ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Fifteenth Congress March 4, 1817, to March 3, 1819". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved November 2, 2018 – via History.house.gov. ^ "Connecticut 1818 U.S. House of Representatives, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 23, 2019. ^ "North Carolina 1818 U.S. House of Representatives, District 7, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 24, 2019. ^ "South Carolina 1818 U.S. House of Representatives, District 6, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 24, 2019. ^ "Massachusetts 1818 U.S. House of Representatives, Eastern District #7, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 24, 2019. ^ "Pennsylvania 1818 U.S. House of Representatives, District 6, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 24, 2019. ^ "Pennsylvania 1818 U.S. House of Representatives, District 4, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 24, 2019. ^ "Louisiana 1818 U.S. House of Representatives, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 23, 2019. ^ "Pennsylvania 1818 U.S. House of Representatives, District 6, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 24, 2019. ^ "North Carolina 1818 U.S. House of Representatives, District 11, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 24, 2019. ^ "Virginia 1818 U.S. House of Representatives, District 19, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 24, 2019. ^ "Georgia 1819 U.S. House of Representatives, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 24, 2019. ^ "North Carolina 1819 U.S. House of Representatives, District 10, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 23, 2019. ^ a b c d e "Sixteenth Congress March 4, 1819, to March 3, 1821". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 23, 2019 – via History.house.gov. ^ "Alabama 1819 U.S. House of Representatives". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 24, 2019. ^ "Louisiana 1818 U.S. House of Representatives, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 23, 2019. ^ "Massachusetts 1819 U.S. House of Representatives, Berkshire District, Ballot 2". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 28, 2019. ^ "Massachusetts 1819 U.S. House of Representatives, Eastern District #3, Ballot 2". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 28, 2019. ^ "Massachusetts 1819 U.S. House of Representatives, Eastern District #3, Ballot 3". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 28, 2019. ^ Cox, Harold (January 31, 2007). "U. S. Congressional Election 13 October 1818" (PDF). The Wilkes University Election Statistics Project. Wilkes University. Bibliography[edit] "A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825". Tufts Digital Library, Tufts University. Retrieved January 23, 2019. Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788–1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830. Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789–1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701. "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–present". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015. "Fifteenth Congress March 4, 1817, to March 3, 1819". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. 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