iHeartMedia - Wikipedia

iHeartMedia, Inc.

Früher	CC Media Holdings, Inc. (iHeartMedia, Inc.-Holdinggesellschaft) Clear Channel Communications, Inc. (Tochtergesellschaft von iHeartCommunications, Inc.)
	Privat (70%) [1] Öffentlich (30%) [1]
Handel als	OTC Pink Current: IHRTQ
Industrie	Medien	gefunden [19659011] 1972 ; Vor 47 Jahren ( 1972 ) (Tochtergesellschaft von iHeartCommunications, Inc.) 2008 ; Vor 11 Jahren ( 2008 ) (iHeartMedia, Inc. Holdinggesellschaft)
Gründer	Gründer	Lowry Mays Billy McCombs
, US
Schlüsselpersonen	Bob Pittman (Vorsitzender / CEO) [2]
Produkte Rundfunk Außenwerbung
Einnahmen	[3]
	[3]
	[3]
Gesamtvermögen	[4] [4]
[19456534] ] Eigenkapital insgesamt	[3]
Eigentümer	Bain Capital Thomas H. Lee Partners
Anzahl der Angestellten	18.700 [5] (2017)
Abteilungen	iHeartMedia (Sans "Inc." Suffix; Clear Channel Media und Unterhaltung, Clear Channel Radio, et al.)
Tochtergesellschaften	Broader Media, LLC iHeartCommunications, Inc. iHeartMedia und Entertainment, Inc. iHeartMedia Capital I, LLC Clear Channel Outdoor Holdings, Inc.
Website	iheartmedia .com

iHeartMedia, Inc. ]ehemals CC Media Holdings, Inc. ist ein amerikanisches Massenmedienunternehmen mit Sitz in San Antonio, Texas. ^[5] Es ist die Holdinggesellschaft von iHeartCommunications, Inc. . (ehemals Clear Channel Communications, Inc.), ein Unternehmen, das 1972 von Lowry Mays und BJ "Red" McCombs gegründet und später von Bain Capital, LLC und Thomas H. Lee Partners durch ein Leveraged-Buyout im Jahr 2008 privatisiert wurde Von diesem Übernahmeangebot wurde Clear Channel Communications, Inc. als hundertprozentige Tochtergesellschaft von CC Media Holdings, Inc. gegründet. ^[6][7] Am 16. September 2014 wurde CC Media Holdings, Inc. in iHeartMedia, Inc. umbenannt. und Clear Channel Communications, Inc. wurde zu iHeartCommunications, Inc. ^[8][9] . Am 14. März 2018 meldete das Unternehmen die Insolvenz nach Chapter 11 an und handhabte eine Schuldenlast von über 20 Milliarden US-Dollar. ^[10]

iHeartMedia, Inc. spezialisiert auf Rundfunkübertragung durch Teilung iHeartMedia (Sans "Inc." - Suffix; früher Clear Channel Media und Entertainment, Clear Channel Radio ua) und Tochtergesellschaft iHeartMedia and Entertainment, Inc. (früher Clear Channel Broadcasting, Inc.); Das Unternehmen besitzt in den USA mehr als 850 AM- und FM-Radiosender mit voller Leistung und ist damit der größte Besitzer von Radiosendern in den USA. Darüber hinaus mietet das Unternehmen zwei Kanäle für Sirius XM Satellite Radio und hat seine Online-Präsenz über die iHeartRadio-Plattform ausgebaut. ^[11][12][13] iHeartMedia, Inc. ist auch auf Außenwerbung durch die Tochtergesellschaft Clear Channel Outdoor Holdings, Inc. spezialisiert.

Der Name "Clear Channel" stammt von AM-Rundfunk und bezieht sich auf einen Kanal (Frequenz), auf dem nur ein Sender sendet. In den USA haben Clear-Channel-Sender nachts Exklusivrechte für ihre Frequenzen in den meisten Teilen des Kontinents, wenn AM-Signale aufgrund von Skywave weit entfernt sind. Der neue Name des Unternehmens soll das wachsende digitale Geschäft widerspiegeln. Bob Pittman, Chairman und CEO von iHeartMedia, Inc., erklärte: "Wir haben eine Firma, die progressive Sachen macht, und dennoch sind wir nach AM-Radiosendern benannt." ^[14]

Seit 2008 iHeartMedia, Inc., hatte Schwierigkeiten, Schulden in Höhe von mehr als 20 Milliarden US-Dollar zurückzuzahlen, die das Unternehmen von seinem Leveraged Buyout übernommen hatte. Verschiedene Medien, darunter Bloomberg News, Reuters, Radio Ink und die Heimatzeitung von iHeartMedia, die San Antonio Express-News behaupteten, dass entweder ein Konkurs oder eine größere Umstrukturierung wahrscheinlich sei. ^{[1][15][16][17]} Am 20. April 2017 warnte das Unternehmen die Investoren davor, dass es in den folgenden zehn Monaten nicht überleben könnte. ^[18][19] Am 1. Februar 2018 versäumte das Unternehmen eine Zinszahlung, ein Ereignis, das eine 30-tägige Frist einleitete, nach der seine Gläubiger dies tun konnten fordern ihre Schulden fällig und zwingen das Unternehmen in die Insolvenz. ^[20]

Am 14. und 15. März 2018 beantragten das Unternehmen und verschiedene verbundene Unternehmen die Insolvenz von Chapter 11 und behaupteten, eine geplante Vereinbarung zu haben Umstrukturierung der Schuldenlast von über 20 Milliarden US-Dollar um 10 Milliarden US-Dollar. ^{[10][21][22][23]}

Geschichte [ edit

Frühere Clear Channel-Logos

Clear Channel Communications erwarb 1972 seine erste FM-Station in San Antonio Die Firma kaufte Als zweite "clear channel" AM-Station WOAI wurde 1975 die erste Station außerhalb von San Antonio erworben. KXXO, jetzt KAKC und KMOD-FM in Tulsa, wurden unter dem Namen "San Antonio Broadcasting" (wie KEEZ) erworben. Weitere Stationen wurden in Port Arthur, Texas (KPAC-AM-FM vom Port Arthur College) und El Paso, Texas (KELP AM (jetzt KQBU AM) von John Walton, Jr.) hinzugefügt. Im Jahr 1992 lockerte der US-Kongress die Regeln für den Funkbesitz etwas, sodass das Unternehmen mehr als zwei Sender pro Markt erwerben konnte. Bis 1995 besaß Clear Channel 43 Radiosender und 16 Fernsehsender. Als das Telekommunikationsgesetz von 1996 in Kraft trat, wurde der Besitz von Medien dereguliert, so dass ein Unternehmen mehr Stationen besitzen kann, als dies bisher möglich war. Clear Channel machte einen weiteren Kaufrausch und kaufte mehr als 70 andere Medienunternehmen und einzelne Sender.

In einigen Fällen musste Clear Channel nach dem Kauf eines Mitbewerbers einige seiner Stationen veräußern, da er in einigen Städten über den gesetzlichen Grenzwerten lag. Im Jahr 2005 entschieden die Gerichte, dass Clear Channel sich auch von einigen "Grenzblaster" -Radiosendern in internationalen Grenzstädten trennen muss, beispielsweise dem alternativen Rockradiosender XETRA-FM ("91X") in Tijuana, Baja California / San Diego.

Im Jahr 1997 trat Clear Channel aus dem reinen Rundfunk aus, als es die Werbefläche Eller Media kaufte, ^[24] die von Karl Eller geleitet wurde.

1998 unternahm sie den ersten Schritt außerhalb der USA, als sie das führende britische Außenwerbungsunternehmen More Group plc übernahm, das von Roger Parry angeführt wurde. Clear Channel kaufte daraufhin viele andere Unternehmen für Außenwerbung, Rundfunk und Live-Events auf der ganzen Welt, die dann Clear Channel International umbenannt wurden. Dazu gehörte eine Beteiligung von 51% an Clear Media Ltd. in China. ^[25]

1999 erwarb das Unternehmen Jacor Communications, einen in Cincinnati ansässigen Rundfunkkonzern. ^{[26] [26] ]}

R. Steven Hicks und Hicks, Muse, Tate & Furst begannen 1996 mit Capstar Broadcasting und waren ein Jahr später der größte Besitzer von Radiosendern im Land, mit insgesamt 243 Sendern. Im August 1997 kündigten Capstar und Hicks, Muse, Tate & Furst Pläne zur Übernahme von SFX Broadcasting an. Das daraus resultierende Unternehmen besitzt 314 Sender in 79 Märkten und ist nach Einkommen das drittgrößte Funkunternehmen. ^[27] Ein Jahr später, Chancellor Media Corporation und Capstar Broadcasting Corporation gaben eine Fusion bekannt, die dazu führen würde, dass Chancellor Media nach Abschluss des Deals im zweiten Quartal 1999 463 Sender in 105 Märkten besitzen würde. Hicks, Muse, Tate & Furst besaßen 59 Prozent von Capstar, 355 Stationen in 83 Märkten und war mit 15 Prozent der größte Einzelbesitzer von Chancellor (mit 108 Stationen in 22 Märkten). ^[28] Chancellor Media wurde später zu AMFM Inc., die von Clear Channel in einem am 3. Oktober angekündigten Deal erworben wurde. Im Wert von 17,4 Milliarden US-Dollar. Das resultierende Unternehmen würde 830 Radiosender, 19 Fernsehsender und über 425.000 Outdoor-Displays in 32 Ländern besitzen. ^{[29] [30] [31] [31] 19659059] Im Jahr 2005 wurde Clear Channel Communications in drei separate Unternehmen aufgeteilt. Clear Channel Communications war ein Radiosender. Clear Channel Outdoor war Außenwerbung; und Live Nation war Live-Events. [32] Die Familie Mays behielt die Kontrolle über alle drei und übte in beiden Führungspositionen aus (mit Mark Mays als CEO von Radio und Outdoor und Randall Mays als Chairman von Live Nation).}

Am 16. November 2006 gab Clear Channel bekannt, dass er von zwei Private-Equity-Gesellschaften, Thomas H. Lee Partners und Bain Capital Partners, für 26,7 Milliarden US-Dollar, darunter 8 Milliarden US-Dollar Schulden, aufgekauft wurde. ^[33] Dies war Knapp eine Prämie von 10 Prozent über dem Schlusskurs von 35,36 USD je Aktie am 16. November (der Deal schätzt Clear Channel bei 37,60 USD je Aktie). ^[34][33] Der neue Eigentümer von Clear Channel gab ebenfalls bekannt, dass alle seine Fernsehsender zum Verkauf standen. sowie 448 Radiosender außerhalb der Top-100-Märkte. ^[35] Alle Fernsehsender und 161 der Radiosender wurden am 23. April 2007 nach Erhalt an die Private Equity-Firma Providence Equity Partners verkauft FCC-Zulassung ^{[36] [37]}

Am 24. Juli 2008 hielt Clear Channel eine besondere Aktionärsversammlung ab, bei der die Mehrheit der Aktionäre einen revidierten Betrag von 36 USD pro Dollar akzeptierte von Bain Capital und Thomas H. Lee Partners. [1965908] 3] Das Unternehmen gab am 30. Juli bekannt, den Aktionären entweder 36 USD in bar oder eine Stammaktie von CC Media Class A für jede Stammaktie von Clear Channel anzubieten. ^[40]

Anfang 2010 wurde bekannt gegeben, dass das Unternehmen wegen seiner "lähmenden Schulden" vor dem Bankrott stand. ^[41]

Nach 21 Jahren trat Mark Mays im Juni als Präsident und CEO von Clear Channel zurück 23. Oktober 2010. ^[42] Mays blieb als Vorstandsvorsitzender. ^[43] Am 2. Oktober 2011 wurde Robert W. "Bob" Pittman zum CEO von Clear Channel ernannt. ^{[44] [45]}

Am 6. Januar 2014 gab Clear Channel eine Marketing-Partnerschaft mit Robert FX bekannt Sillermans SFX Entertainment (dessen ursprüngliche Inkarnation zufällig an Clear Channel verkauft und zu Live Nation geformt wurde), um an elektronischen Dance-Musik-Inhalten für seine digitalen und terrestrischen Radiosendungen zusammenzuarbeiten, einschließlich einer Beatport-Top-20-Countdown-Show. ^[46] Die Partnerschaft erweiterte die bestehenden EDM-orientierten Verkaufsstellen von iHeartMedia (wie Evolution ). Die Mitarbeiter von iHeartMedia, einschließlich John Sykes, waren der Meinung, dass der Deal (insbesondere die Beatport-Countdown-Show) dazu beitragen würde, eine höhere nationale Gefährdung aktueller und aufstrebender EDM-Künstler zu schaffen. ^[47] ]

Im Jahr 2016 verließ eine der Direktoren des Unternehmens, Julia B. Donnelly, den Vorstand von iHeartCommunications und wurde durch Laura A. Grattan, eine Direktorin von Thomas H. Lee, ersetzt. Grattan wurde in den Verwaltungsrat von iHeartMedia Capital I, LLC, der direkten Muttergesellschaft von iHeartCommunications, sowie in den Verwaltungsrat von iHeartMedia, Inc., der indirekten Muttergesellschaft von iHeartCommunications, berufen. ^{[49] [49]} [19659059] Am 30. November 2017 wurde berichtet, dass eine Gruppe von Gläubigern den neuesten Umschuldungsvorschlag von iHeartMedia Inc. abgelehnt hatte und stattdessen einen Deal ausstellte, mit dem das Unternehmen Insolvenz anmelden konnte. ^[50] Am 15. März 2018 Das Unternehmen meldete Insolvenz von Chapter 11 an und gab an, eine Vereinbarung zur Restrukturierung der Schulden in Höhe von 10 Milliarden US-Dollar getroffen zu haben. ^[10]

Clear Channel-Verkauf [ edit

Am Freitag, dem 17. November 2006 Clear Channel gab bekannt, dass es nach Angaben von The Washington Post und DHM fast ein Drittel seiner Radioaktiva verkauft und verkauft würde. Die Käufer, angeführt von Bain Capital Partners und Thomas H. Lee Partners, stimmten der Zahlung von 26,7 Milliarden US-Dollar zu. In einer separaten Transaktion, die ebenfalls am 16. November 2006 angekündigt wurde, gab Clear Channel bekannt, dass sie nach Käufern für alle Fernsehsender und 539 ihrer kleineren Radiosender suchen würde, da die Private-Equity-Käufer kein Interesse daran hätten, Fernsehen oder Radio für den kleinen Markt zu besitzen . Nach Vollzug der Fusion wurden der Aloha Station Trust, LLC, mehr als hundert Stationen zugewiesen. Die Fernsehsender wurden letztendlich an Newport Television verkauft. ^[51]

Am 25. September 2007 stimmten die Aktionäre dem Buy-out zu, sodass Clear Channel weiterhin privat bleiben konnte und 35 Jahre lang endete Öffentliche Gesellschaft. ^[52]

Rückschläge und Kostensenkung [ edit ]

Aufgrund der Kreditmarktkrise von 2007 hatte Clear Channel Schwierigkeiten, einige seiner Radiosender zu verkaufen. Der Versuch von Clear Channel, über 100 Sender an GoodRadio.TV, LLC zu verkaufen, wurde von der Beteiligungsgesellschaft, die den Deal unterstützte, abgelehnt. ^[53] Der Deal wurde dann auf Frequency License LLC verlagert, dauerte jedoch länger, bis sich die beiden Parteien zusammengeschlossen hatten Klagen. Darüber hinaus war der Verkauf des Fernsehportfolios von Clear Channel an Newport Television unsicher geworden, da die Muttergesellschaft Providence Equity Partners andere Optionen in Betracht zog, obwohl diese Transaktion letztendlich abgeschlossen wurde. ^[54]

On Am 4. Dezember 2007 gab Clear Channel bekannt, dass die Kündigung des Zusammenschlusses vom 12. Dezember 2007 auf den 12. Juni 2008 verlängert worden sei. ^[55] Der Aufkauf wurde im Juli 2008 endgültig abgeschlossen. ^[6][38] Das Unternehmen gab dies bekannt Am 20. Januar 2009 würden sie zu einer zentraleren Programmplanung übergehen und 1.500 Mitarbeiter oder rund 7% ihrer Belegschaft entlassen. Die Gründe hierfür waren die düsteren wirtschaftlichen Bedingungen und die Schulden durch den Übergang zu einem privaten Unternehmen. ^[56] Bis zur Fertigstellung des Restrukturierung im Mai 2009 wurden insgesamt 2.440 Stellen gestrichen. ^[57]

Unternehmen [ edit ]

iHeartMedia hat Anteile an einer Reihe von Medien oder Unternehmen erworben oder vollständig erworben Werbeindustrien. Dies ist keine erschöpfende Liste.

Radio [ edit ]

Die Büros und Studios von iHeartRadio in Denver, Colorado

Mit 855 Stationen ist iHeartMedia der größte Besitzer einer Radiosendergruppe in den Vereinigten Staaten, beide nach Nummer von Stationen und nach Einnahmen. Die 855 Stationen erreichen jede Woche mehr als 110 Millionen und 245 Millionen jeden Monat. Laut BIA Financial Network erzielte iHeartMedia ab 2005 einen Umsatz von mehr als 3,5 Milliarden US-Dollar ^[update]eine Milliarde US-Dollar mehr als der zweitgrößte Konzernbesitzer CBS Radio. ^[58] Im Jahr 2012 gab iHeartMedia (damals Clear Channel) bekannt wird die erste Radiogruppe sein, die für die Ausstrahlung ihrer Musik über die Clear-Channel-Radiosendungen Performance-Lizenzen an Plattenlabel und Musiker bezahlt hat. ^[59] iHeartMedia hat mit der Big Machine Label Group, ^[60] Glassnote Entertainment, Revenue-Sharing-Vereinbarungen getroffen Group, eOne, Dualtone, DashGo, rpm Entertainment, Robbins Entertainment, Naxos, Wind-up Records, Fearless Records, Zojak World Wide und die Band Fleetwood Mac. ^[61] Dieser bahnbrechende Deal hat eine lange erwartete Brücke zwischen den Plattenlabels geschaffen und Funkgruppen. Dieser Deal zwischen iHeartMedia, den Plattenlabels und den Künstlern ermöglicht es iHeartMedia, aus einem Prozentsatz der Werbeeinnahmen aus Streaming und Web-Casting von Musik anstelle von Pay-per-Play-Modellen digitale Performance-Lizenzgebühren zu zahlen. ^[62] Im Gegenzug die Plattenlabels und Künstler erhalten Airplay-Einnahmen sowohl von digitalen als auch von Rundfunkplattformen. ^[63] Vor dem Deal erhielten nur Songwriter und Produzenten Performance-Lizenzgebühren von Radio-Airplay.

iHeartMedia hat Sender von folgenden Funkunternehmen gekauft oder erworben:

Außenwerbung [ edit ]

Clear Channel Outdoor ist eine Werbefirma im Besitz von iHeartMedia.

• Kauf von Eller Media, Universal Outdoor und More Group Plc, die iHeartMedia-Außenwerbefläche in 25 Ländern bieten.


• Eigentümer eines italienischen Straßenmöbelunternehmens, Jolly Pubblicita SpA


• besitzt BBH Exhibits, Yellow Checker Star Cab Displays, Dauphin OTA von Jacques Dauphin, Taxi Tops (im Januar 2010 an VeriFone verkauft), Donrey Media und Ackerley Media. Besitzt außerdem ein Unternehmen für Außenwerbung in der Schweiz und in Polen sowie ein bedeutendes Unternehmen für Außenwerbung in Chile.


• Unterhält eine Partnerschaft mit APN News & Media in Australien, die zu einem Anteil von 49% an Adshel, einem Unternehmen für Straßenmöbelwerbung, geführt hat. APN News & Media ist der Mehrheitsaktionär (mit 51% an Adshel).


• Betreibt über 1.100 digitale Werbetafeln in 27 Märkten. ^[108]

Fernsehen [ edit

Das erste Fernsehen Die als Clear Channel gekaufte Station iHeartMedia wurde 1988 von WPMI in Mobile, Alabama, gekauft. Sie besaß mehr als 40 zusätzliche Stationen, von denen einige unabhängig sind (Nicht-Netzwerk-Partner). Im Jahr 2007 schloss das Unternehmen eine Vereinbarung über den Verkauf aller Fernsehsender an Providence Equity Partners für 1,2 Milliarden US-Dollar ^[36] die schließlich im März 2008 abgeschlossen wurde. ^[51] Alle früheren Clear Channel-Fernsehsender waren im Besitz von Newport Television. Die anderen sechs wurden von Newport an andere Käufer weitergeleitet. Im Jahr 2012 gab Newport seine Absicht bekannt, so viele der früheren Clear Channel-Sender, wie gesetzlich zulässig, an die Cox Media Group, die Nexstar Broadcasting Group und die Sinclair Broadcast Group zu verkaufen.

Live-Ereignisse [ edit ]

Am 21. Dezember 2005 schloss Clear Channel die Ausgliederung von Live Nation ab, die früher als Clear Channel Entertainment bekannt war. ^[109] Live Nation ist ein unabhängiges Unternehmen (NYSE: LYV) und nicht mehr im Besitz von iHeartMedia. Live Nation UK wurde ebenfalls in die Ausgliederung einbezogen.

Beachten Sie, dass es nach dem Spin-Off zu Überschneidungen zwischen iHeartMedia und Live Nation im Board kommt, insbesondere: Lowry, Mark (ehemaliger stellvertretender Vorsitzender von Live Nation) und Randall T. Mays (ehemaliger Vorsitzender von Live Nation). ^[110]

] Musik-Charts [ edit ]

iHeartMedia besitzt Mediabase, die Musik-Charts basierend auf Liedern und Tracks bereitstellt, die die meisten Drehsignale auf Radiosendern in den Vereinigten Staaten und Kanada erhalten. Bei den meisten Stationen, die an Mediabase berichten, handelt es sich um iHeartMedia-Verkaufsstellen. Andere Unternehmen berichten jedoch auch an die Mediabase-Diagramme. Außerdem werden von Premiere produzierte Countdown-Shows Mediabase-Diagramme für die Basis ihrer Programme verwenden.

Musikbewertung [ edit ]

Das Unternehmen besitzt eine Vielzahl von Websites zur Besichtigung von Songs, die vom Hörer unterstützt werden: HitPredictor ^[111][112] RateTheMusic ^[113][114] und research.fm . ^[115][116]

Nachrichten und Informationen [ ]

• 24/7 News Source


• Betreibt das iHeartRadio News Network und lokale Nachrichten Netzwerke in Kentucky, West Virginia, Virginia, Ohio, Oklahoma, Alabama, Tennessee, Georgia und Florida.


• Premiere Radio Networks


• Erwerb des Agri Broadcast Network (ABN), eines landwirtschaftlichen Programmanbieters in Ohio.


• Publishes Zeitschrift Inside Radio


• Verkehrsberichte insgesamt: Straßen- und Verkehrsbedingungen in den Vereinigten Staaten sowie in Mexiko-Stadt (Mexiko). Diese werden von vielen GPS-Navigationssystemen verwendet. ^[117]


• Fan Radio Network: ein Sportfunknetz, das Minnesota, South Dakota und North Dakota bedient. Die Flaggschiffstation ist KFXN in Minneapolis, Minnesota.


• Your Smooth Jazz: 24-Stunden-Smooth-Jazz-Netzwerk, das unter der Abteilung "Broadcast Architecture" des Unternehmens bereitgestellt wird. ^[118]

Worldwide [ edit 19659158] Eigentümer von Radiogruppen in Neuseeland, Mexiko, Norwegen und Australien.

Eigentümer von Außenwerbung in Brasilien, Chile, Finnland, Frankreich, Italien, Lettland, Norwegen, Polen, Rumänien, Singapur, Südafrika, Schweden , Die Schweiz, die Türkei und Mauritius.

Besitzt die L & C Outdoor Comunicacao Visual Ltda., Aus Brasilien

Vereinigtes Königreich

Fahrradverleihsysteme [ edit ]

Betreibt städtische Fahrrad-Sharing-Systeme in mehreren europäischen Städten:

Vertical Real Estate [ edit ]

Im Jahr 2003 gründete Clear Channel den Geschäftsbereich Vertical Real Estate und stellte Scott Quitadamo zur Förderung seines Turmportfolios ein. iHeartMedia besitzt und betreibt rund 1.500 Rundfunksender in den USA, von denen viele für die Koordination von Dritten wie z. B. Mobilfunk- und PCS-Unternehmen, drahtloses Internet, drahtlose Festnetzgeräte und andere Rundfunkanbieter verfügbar sind.

Programmierung [ edit ]

iHeartMedia betreibt den größten Syndikationsdienst des Landes, Premiere Networks. Darüber hinaus stellt iHeartMedia eine Reihe seiner heimischen Talk- und Musikshows ohne die Hilfe von Premiere zusammen. Während Premiere seine Sendungen aktiv an Sender verkauft, werden die Nicht-Premiere-Sendungen häufig als Kostensenkungsmaßnahme verwendet und haben keine großen Vertriebsmitarbeiter. Diese Shows enthalten auch keine netzwerkweite Werbung (es sei denn, sie werden von einem Dritten verbreitet), und ermöglichen den verbundenen Unternehmen, alle lokalen Spots zu behalten, was ihre Attraktivität erhöht. Diese Netzwerke führen viele Programm-Hosts verschiedener politischer Ideologien und verteilen eine Vielzahl von Programmen an sowohl iHeartMedia-eigene als auch nicht-iHeartMedia-Stationen.

Zusätzlich zu seinem eigenen Syndication-Netzwerk bietet iHeartMedia dem WestStar TalkRadio Network, das in den iHeartMedia-Studios in Phoenix, Arizona angesiedelt ist, Atelierflächen und andere Dienstleistungen an. Daher sind viele WestStar-Programme auf iHeartMedia-Sendern zu hören.

Nicht alle Programme, die auf den Radiosendern von iHeartMedia zu hören sind, werden im eigenen Haus produziert. Die meisten iHeartMedia-Sender haben jedoch viele Ähnlichkeiten in Bezug auf Branding und Programmierung.

Format Lab und HD2-Formate [ edit ]

Das Format Lab ist ein Think Tank, der von iHeartMedia betrieben wird und über achtzig Programmiersprachen produziert, die vom Mainstream abweichen Formate zum hochexperimentellen. Diese Kanäle sind auf den meisten HD-Radiosendern von iHeartMedia auf ihren Sendern im ganzen Land in einem werbefreien Format zu hören.

Nur wenige iHeartMedia-Sender (wie z. B. KGB-FM) produzieren HD2-Kanäle mit Ursprung in der Regel, normalerweise Bandschleifen, die auf ihrem regulären Kanal zu hören sind.

iHeartRadio [ edit ]

iHeartRadio ist eine Social-Media-Site, die lokalen und regionalen Medienpersönlichkeiten als Anlaufstelle dient und es ihnen ermöglicht, Fotos und Videos zu teilen .

Alternative Stationen [ edit ]

iHeartMedia Alternative Stationen werden normalerweise als "Radio" (z. B. Radio 104.5 in Philadelphia oder Radio 105.7 / 96.7 in Atlanta) oder "ALT" bezeichnet. (Alt 98.7 in Los Angeles, Alt 104.9 in St. Louis und Alt 106.3 in Des Moines). Andere sind: The Edge, The Buzz, The Project, Star oder X. Das Premium-Alternative-Station-Station ist das Alternative Projekt, das auf WAXQ-FM 104.3 HD-2 in New York City ausgestrahlt wird. Die Woody Show die von KYSR stammt, dient als Ankermorgen-Show für die iHeartMedia Alternative-Verkaufsstellen.

Städtische, städtische AC- und rhythmische Stationen [ edit ]

Stationen, die die Programmierung für schwarze Amerikaner mit sich bringen, sind ein großer Teil vieler iHeartMedia-Cluster, insbesondere Philadelphia, Chicago und Detroit. In vielen Clustern verfügt iHeartMedia über zwei oder mehr solcher Stationen. Etwa die Hälfte der Urban-Stationen konzentriert sich auf Rap und Hip Hop sowie auf jüngere Rhythmus- und Blues-Sounds. Die andere Hälfte vermischt sich mit etwas Soul aus den 70er, 80er und 90er Jahren sowie einem aktuellen Produkt mit etwas jüngerem Rhythmus und Blues. Einige der Hip-Hop-basierten Urban-Stationen gelten als Rhythmic Top 40-Stationen und nicht als Urban-Stationen, da diese Sender auch weiße und hispanische Zuhörer ansprechen. In einem Cluster mit mehreren städtischen Stationen, die sich im Besitz von iHeartMedia befinden, konzentriert sich einer auf Rap, während sich der andere auf Soul konzentriert. Beispiele sind Philadelphia mit WUSLs Fokus auf Hip Hop, während WDAS-FM sich auf Soul konzentriert (außerdem besitzt das Unternehmen in diesem Bereich auch eine rhythmische AC-Station (WISX 106.1)) und Chicago, wo sich WGCI-FM auf Rap konzentriert WVAZ konzentriert sich auf die Seele. Die städtischen und städtischen AC-Stationen von iHeartMedia werden als "Real" (KRRL Los Angeles), "Beat" (KQBT / Houston, WBTP Tampa) oder "Power" (WWPR New York City, WUSL Philadelphia und WHEN Syracuse) gebrandet. In San Francisco besaß iHeartMedia mehr städtische Stationen wie Rhythmic Top 40 KYLD, urbane Oldies KISQ und urbane zeitgenössische KMEL in diesem Gebiet (KYLD wechselte 2015 zu Top 40 / CHR, KISQ wechselte 2016 zu AC) Dasselbe geschah in Detroit, wo das Unternehmen auch den städtischen AC WMXD, den urbanen Zeitgenossen WJLB und den ehemaligen rhythmischen AC WDTW-FM besitzt. iHeart verfügt auch über urbane Outlets mit Tradition und Bekanntheit, die auf den von ihnen bedienten Märkten basieren, wie WHRK und WDIA in Memphis und WKKV in Milwaukee.

Ein weiteres wachsendes Format, Classic Hip-Hop / Throwback / Old School (bestehend aus R & B / Hip-Hop-, Rap- und Rhythmic-Songs der 1980er, 1990er und 2000er Jahre), ist auf iHeartRadio, as, ganztägig zu hören auch als KATZ-FM / St. Louis und KUBT-HD2 & sein Übersetzer in Honolulu. Zuvor war dieses Format als Rhythmic Oldies entstanden, das bei KCMG / Los Angeles lanciert wurde und sich später auf weiteren Märkten ausbreitete, bevor der frühere Clear Channel bis Mitte der 2000er Jahre mehrere Stationen aus dem Format löste.

Für das Rhythmic Top 40-Format umfassen ähnliche Brandings "The Beat" (KUBT / Honolulu und WBTT / Ft. Myers), Power 102 / El Paso, 104.5 Kiss FM / Beaumont, Texas, "Jam'n" (KXJM / Portland Oregon, KSSX / San Diego und WJMN-FM / Boston; ein ähnliches "Jammin '" wird bei WJJS / Roanoke & WJJX / Lynchburg verwendet. Seit den 1980er Jahren wird bei B95 / Fresno ein "B" verwendet. Andere Rhythmics wie KUBE / Seattle, KDON-FM / Salinas-Monterey und KGGI / Riverside-San Bernardino verwenden einfach die Rufzeichen und / oder die Frequenz. Die meisten dieser Sender richten sich an ein multikulturelles Publikum und spielen Rhythmic Pop-, R & B / Hip-Hop- und Dance-Tracks.

Für rhythmische AC-Stationen verwendeten sie früher das "Party" -Branding (vor allem zu der Zeit, als die meisten Wake Up with Whoopi als Morgenshow benutzten), sondern die beiden "Party" -Stationen in Denver (KPTT) und Las Vegas (KYMT, die frühere KPLV) haben das rhythmische AC-Format inzwischen verlassen. KPTT und KPLV sind in die Top 40 gekommen, verwenden jedoch weiterhin das "Party" -Label (KPLV ist derzeit Variety Hits). Alle rhythmischen AC-Stationen von iHeartMedia werden jetzt pro Station unterschiedlich gebrandet, obwohl eine der Verkaufsstellen, WMOV-FM / Norfolk, den "Movin" -Ioniker verwendet, der unter einem anderen Unternehmen geschützt ist (diese Station hat sich inzwischen zu Rhythmic Top 40 verlagert). The Breakfast Club Morning Show von WWPR-FM in New York und "Big Boy's Neighborhood" von KRRL in Los Angeles sind iHeartMedia-städtische Morgenshows.

Smooth Jazz [ edit ]

Wie bereits erwähnt, verfügt iHeartMedia über das Smooth Jazz Network (auch bekannt als Your Smooth Jazz), das von Broadcast Architecture programmiert wird. Wenn nicht anders angegeben, werden alle Smooth Jazz Network-Stationen den folgenden Zeitplan verwenden: Kenny G und Sandy Kovach in der Vormittagszeit, Miranda Wilson in der Mittagszeit, Allen Kepler in der Nachmittagsfahrzeit und Maria Lopez in den Abendstunden, ohne über Nacht Discjockeys. Weekend programming consists of the Smooth Jazz Top 20 with Allen Kepler, as well as the Dave Koz Radio Show. This network is broadcast via HD-2 subchannels of many iHeartMedia-owned stations, such as WMGF in Orlando, although not all stations will carry it, often opting to substitute its own programming, as is done with WDAS-AM in Philadelphia.

Dance and EDM[edit]

Although they have no full-powered stations programming a Dance or EDM (Electronic Dance Music) format, iHeartMedia has FM translators and HD2 platforms broadcasting the EDM-intensive Evolution platform, while the LGBT community is served by the more broader-based Pride Radio. However, iHeartMedia's Top 40/CHR and Rhythmic Top 40 outlets incorporate a majority of Dance songs onto its playlist and set aside airtime blocks for mix shows.

News talk stations[edit]

News talk stations owned by iHeartMedia usually have a standard slate of hosts. The morning show is usually local, with other timeslots filled by local and syndicated hosts. Programs that appear on many iHeartMedia talk stations include the Glenn Beck Program (Beck having gotten his talk show start at iHeartMedia (then Clear Channel) owned WFLA-AM in Tampa), The Rush Limbaugh ShowThe Sean Hannity ShowAmerica Now with Meghan McCain and Coast to Coast AM with George Nooryall of which are affiliated with Premiere Radio Networks in some fashion. The Mark Levin Show and The Dave Ramsey Show are non-Premiere shows who air on many (if not most) iHeartMedia stations, as did The Savage Nation prior to its ending in September 2012. Limbaugh is almost universally carried on iHeartMedia stations in markets where the company has a news talk station, including recently New York City: WOR was acquired in 2013 by Clear Channel and began carrying Limbaugh's program in 2014 following a long relationship with now-Cumulus Media-owned WABC. In markets where iHeartMedia-owned news talk stations have not been profitable (such as Boston and Atlanta), iHeartMedia has chosen to sell shows such as Limbaugh and Coast to Coast AM to their rivals and change the stations to other formats.

While most of iHeartMedia's news/talk stations carry some combination of Beck, Limbaugh, Hannity and Noory (of Coast to Coast AM), this is not always the case. Many stations (particularly in the larger markets) like KFI, KFYI, KOA, WZZR and WLW broadcast a lineup with significant local programming.

iHeartMedia does not operate any all-news radio stations. For a brief time in the late 2000s, KFXR in Dallas ran a direct feed of HLN under the on-air name CNN 1190but KFXR dropped that format in 2009. Almost all of iHeartMedia's primary talk stations are affiliated with Fox News Radio for national news, part of a multi-year deal between iHeartMedia and Fox. However, since 2012 iHeartMedia has provided an all-news feed called 24/7 News. This radio network is exclusive to iHeartRadio. Since 2016, 24/7 News partners with NBC News to launch the NBC News Radio.

Liberal talk radio is heard on a few of iHeartMedia's stations, primarily secondary to its main news talk stations, and usually feature at least one local host with Dial Global programming; Air America Radio also aired on these stations. iHeartMedia has shown a tendency to drop liberal talk affiliations due to lack of ratings or advertiser support and replace it with sports talk or other formats (see, for instance, WCKY, WARF, KLSD, WXKS, and WINZ); in one case this had caused a protest when iHeartMedia (then Clear Channel) wanted to change WXXM in Madison, Wisconsin to a sports format. WXXM was eventually allowed to keep its liberal format, though they eventually retired it in November 2016 due to a general lack of syndicated programming for that format.

iHeartMedia has been active in the national trend of simulcasting its AM news/talk stations on full-power FM stations, hoping to preserve their long-term viability while AM radio declines. Examples include San Diego, California, on KUSS 95.7 (which became KOGO-FM after simulcasting KOGO-AM, replacing country music), Sacramento, California on KGBY 92.5 (which became KFBK-FM after simulcasting KFBK, replacing hot adult contemporary), in Tucson, Arizona, on KTZR-FM (which became KNST-FM after simulcasting KNST, replacing Spanish top 40), in Schenectady, New York (WGY-FM/103.1, simulcasting WGY/810, replacing rock WHRL) and Syracuse, New York (WSYR-FM/106.9 simulcasting WSYR/570, displacing urban AC "Power" to WHEN/620). After failing to see any significant ratings gains from these moves, Clear Channel showed signs of abandoning this strategy when it changed KNST-FM to country music in February 2013 as KYWD.

Sports talk stations[edit]

Most sports talk stations owned by iHeartMedia are affiliated with Fox Sports Radio. They are usually branded either Fox Sports or The Sports Animal. Other sports talk stations are affiliated with rival ESPN Radio (in this case, WUCS in Hartford, Connecticut, which is nearby ESPN's headquarters in Bristol).

Adult standards[edit]

Most of iHeartMedia's adult standards stations are turnkey operations, running a direct feed of a satellite format such as Dial Global's America's Best Music or Music of Your Life. Most of these stations have no local jocks or Web sites. The network has few remaining stations in that category and has sold off many of them.

Adult contemporary[edit]

iHeartMedia's adult contemporary stations are often branded as "Lite FM" (i.e. WLIT in Chicago, WLTW in New York, or WLKO in Charlotte) or "Sunny", although some stations use "Magic", "B" or something else similar as their identifiers, As of 2018, "The Breeze" has bought a new resurgence in Soft AC, targeted towards millennial listeners. Evenings are usually filled with Delilah, unless that show is already aired by another station, in which case the John Tesh Radio Show is often substituted. Automated programming is the next option for the 7PM- 12 AM timeslot. Your Weekend with Jim Brickman and the in-house American Top 40 the 1970s (or 1980s) with Casey Kasem are popular weekend syndicated programs on iHeartMedia stations. Most AC stations air Christmas music from the last week of November to Christmas Day. Some AC iHeartMedia stations are almost famous for playing Christmas music as early as November 1 such as KAAZ-FM in Salt Lake City or WLKO playing its first Christmas song of the season 2–3 weeks before Thanksgiving. 2/3 of iHeartMedia stations that play Adult contemporary air Christmas formats.

Hot adult contemporary stations are usually branded as "Mix", "Star" or "MYfm" (i.e. KBIG in Los Angeles). Some Hot AC stations lean modern rock while others lean toward adult rock. Other Hot AC stations have other brandings such as "Wild 105.7 and 96.7" on WRDA in Atlanta.

Contemporary hit radio[edit]

iHeartMedia's CHR stations share a number of common brands, including "KISS-FM" (e.g., KIIS Los Angeles, WKSC-FM Chicago, WAKS Cleveland, WFKS Melbourne, WXKS-FM Boston), "Z" (e.g., WHTZ New York, KKRZ Portland Oregon WZFT Baltimore, KSLZ St. Louis), "Wild" (e.g., WLDI West Palm Beach, KYLD San Francisco), "Power" (WWPW Atlanta, WGEX Albany, Georgia), Channel (e.g., WKQI Detroit, WHQC Charlotte, KHTS-FM San Diego, WCHD Dayton-Springfield), or "Hot" (e.g., WIHT in Washington, D.C., WWHT in Syracuse, NY). Other brands, less commonly used, includes "Radio Now" (WRNW Milwaukee, WNRW Louisville), "Q" (WIOQ Philadelphia-102.1 FM-Q102, WQGA Waycross-Brunswick, Georgia-103.3 FM-103Q), "B" (WAEB-FM B 104 Allentown-Reading PA 104.1 FM), "FM" (WLAN-FM FM 97 96.9 FM Lancaster-Reading), "V" (WVRT& WVRZ V-97 Williamsport-Lock Haven, Pennsylvania), "Max" (WHCY Max 106.3 Sussex), "K.C." (WKCI-FM KC 101, 101.3 FM, Hamden-New Haven, Connecticut/Long Island, New York) and "X" (WJMX-FM 103X, 103.3 FM Cheraw-Florence, South Carolina/The Pee Dee). Still other branding can be heard, however, when a preferred format name is already in use by another station in the market.

Although a majority of these stations features a broad-based, mass appeal music presentation, several stations like WSNX/Grand Rapids and WKTU/New York City tend to lean towards Rhythmic material due to having a sister station in the same format (WKTU's sister is WHTZ) or a lack of a Rhythmic or R&B/Hip-Hop outlet (a void which WSNX also tries to fill).

Many iHeartMedia CHR stations utilize syndicated morning shows, such as D.C.'s The Kane Show (especially in the middle Atlantic and Uppermidwest states); Elvis Duran and the Morning Show based out of WHTZ, New Jersey/New York's Z100; Johnjay & Rich based out of KZZP Phoenix, Arizona (especially in the Rocky Mountain states), and Kidd Kraddick In The Morning based out of KHKS in Dallas/Fort Worth (primarily in the South Central United States). Some East Coast CHR stations carry On Air with Ryan Seacrest (based out of KIIS in Los Angeles) middays.

On weekends, syndicated programming is commonly carried, primarily: Most Requested Live with RomeoClub Kanethe iHeartRadio CountdownAmerican Top 40 with Ryan SeacrestDawson McAllister LiveAnna Faris Is Unqualifiedand On the Move with Enrique Santos.

Country music[edit]

Country music stations owned by iHeartMedia have begun transitioning to "The Bull" like KSD (FM) in St. Louis and "Big" like WEBG in Chicago as national brandings as of 2014. They almost universally carry After Midnitethe syndicated overnight program currently hosted by Cody Alan, and often carry Bobby Bones's morning show as well.

Oldies and classic hits[edit]

iHeartMedia's Oldies stations consists largely of FM stations with some AM stations. iHeartMedia uses brands such as "Big" and "Kool" on many of its stations. Nearly all of the FM stations play oldies spanning from 1964 to 1975, with a 500-song active playlist split nearly half 1960s and half 1970s. The playlist also includes approximately a dozen pre 1964 tracks and around 50 songs from the late 1970s and early 1980s. These stations generally have a few local live announcers; much of the time these stations are voicetracked either locally or from another market. Most run syndicated programming on weekends, such as Dick Bartley or Mike Harvey on Saturday nights, Steve Goddard's programs (Goddard's Gold and/or The 70s), and recently, Casey Kasem's American Top 40: The 70s. A handful of iHeartMedia's outlets have picked up syndicated weeknight fare, such as Mike Harvey, Marty Thompson or Tom Kent.

The AM oldies stations' playlists skew somewhat older and span from 1955 to about 1975. About 60 percent of the time they play 1964 to 1969 oldies, 20 percent pre 1964 oldies, and 20 percent music from the 1970s. Some of these also run Dick Bartley or Mike Harvey on Saturday nights. Some of the AM stations also run adult standards several hours on the weekend as well as limited specialized programming focusing on the pre 1964 era. Most of the AM stations are in smaller markets.

Rock[edit]

iHeartMedia stations programming a rock format tend to play a blend of new rock and harder classic rock. Some carry Nights with Alice Cooper in the evenings while some others air Sixx Sense with Nikki Sixx. These stations tend to be live during the day and voicetracked at night. Some stations run Rockline with Bob Coburn and/or Little Steven's Underground Garage as well.

While iHeartMedia classic rock stations operate under a wide variety of monikers, many are branded as "The Fox" or "The Brew". Often, these stations will carry Bob and Tom in morning drive. In the Southern United States, John Boy and Billy is carried instead in most cases. (Both of the aforementioned shows are syndicated by Premiere.) Other shows include the Walton and Johnson Show out of Houston and Rover's Morning Glory out of Cleveland. Starting with WQBW Milwaukee (which has since switched to another format) and WBWR Columbus, several iHeartMedia stations have adopted a 1980s-centered classic rock approach called "The Brew."

Spanish[edit]

In a few markets, iHeartMedia has an FM station carrying Hispanic programming full-time. In some markets the format is a Contemporary Tropical format while in others the format carried is more of a Mexican format. In a few markets an iHeartMedia FM station carries a rap based Spanish format known as Hurban, which blends Spanish dance music with rhythm and blues hits as well as some Hip Hop. The division is run by Spanish radio executive Alfredo Alonso, who joined iHeartMedia in September 2004 (when it still was called Clear Channel) as Senior Vice President of Hispanic Radio.^[128]

Religious[edit]

In a few markets, iHeartMedia has a religious station on the AM band. Some of these sell blocks of time to outside organizations and have no local shows at all except where local churches buy time. These are formatted similarly to Salem Media stations.

The other type of religious format iHeartMedia uses in a few markets is a Gospel music based format. On these stations Gospel Music appealing to black Americans airs most of the time along with some block programming sold to religious groups. These stations are often programmed as urban stations that happen to be religious.

Specialties[edit]

IHeartMedia has one station in Hawaii, KDNN/Honolulu, programming a Contemporary Hawaiian Hits/Reggae format, along with an accompanying HD2 sub channel that features traditional Hawaiian music. Multicultural programming can also be heard on AM stations that iHeartMedia owns or has LMAs with.

Syndicated programs[edit]

See List of programming syndicated by iHeartMedia

Criticism[edit]

Market share[edit]

In the late 1990s and early 2000s, the company became an object of persistent criticism.^[129][130] FCC regulations were relaxed following the Telecommunications Act of 1996, allowing companies to own far more radio stations than before. After spending about $30 billion, Clear Channel owned over 1,200 stations nationwide, including as many as eight stations in certain markets. Although "media reform" social movement organizations like Future of Music Coalition mobilized against Clear Channel, so far the company has been able to hold on to all of its stations after divesting a few following the acquisition of AMFM, although over 500 stations have since been sold or are in the process of being sold since the company announced plans to become privately held.

September 11, 2001[edit]

Following the September 11 attacks on New York and The Pentagon, radio stations circulated a list of songs that were deemed inappropriate for broadcast during the time of national mourning following the attacks. A small list was initially generated by the Clear Channel office on Thursday, September 13, 2001,^[131] though individual program directors added many of their own songs. A list containing about 150 songs was soon published on the Internet. Some critics suggested that Clear Channel's political preferences played a part in the list.^[132] A number of songs were apparently placed on the list because they had specific words such as "plane", "fly", "burn", and "falling" in their titles. Clear Channel denies that this was a list of banned songs, claiming it was a list of titles that should be played only after great thought. Also WOFX, Cincinnati, owned by Clear Channel at the time continued to play songs that were on the alleged list, even though radio headquarters was in Cincinnati at the time.^[133] Songs on the list included Tom Petty's "Free Fallin'", Louis Armstrong's "What a Wonderful World" and the entire Rage Against the Machine discography.

Live music recordings[edit]

In 2004, Clear Channel acquired a key patent in the process of producing Instant Live recordings, in which a live performance is recorded directly from the sound engineer's console during the show, and then rapidly burned on CD so that audience members can buy copies of the show as they are leaving the venue. This had been intended to provide additional revenue to the artist, venue, and promoter, as well as stifle the demand for unauthorized bootleg concert recordings made by audience members. However, some media critics, as well as smaller business rivals, believed that Clear Channel was using the patent (on the process of adding cues to the beginning and ending of tracks during recordingso that the concert is not burned as a single enormous track) to drive competitors out of business or force them to pay licensing fees, even if they do not use precisely the same process. The patent was transferred to Live Nation when Clear Channel Entertainment was spun off, but the patent was revoked on March 13, 2007,^[134] after it was found that this patent infringed on a prior patent granted for Telex.

Indecency zero tolerance[edit]

During the nationwide crackdown on indecent material following the Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show in 2004, Clear Channel launched a "self-policing" effort, and declared that there would be no "indecent" material allowed on the air.^[130] This led to the company's dismissal of several of their own employees, including popular and high-profile hosts in a number of cities. There were protests from free-speech advocates. During the same period, Howard Stern was dropped from six Clear Channel-owned stations in Florida, California, Pennsylvania, New York and Kentucky. By mid-year, rival Viacom (through radio division Infinity Broadcasting, and the original Viacom, not the current one) brought Stern's show back to those six markets. In June 2004, Viacom/Infinity Broadcasting Inc./One Twelve Inc. filed a $10 million lawsuit against Clear Channel for breaking of contracts and non-payment of licensing fees due to the dropping of Stern's show. (Viacom was Howard Stern's employer at the time, though he has since moved to Sirius XM Satellite Radio). The following July, Clear Channel filed a countersuit of $3 million.^[135]

Concerts[edit]

In the early 2000s, Clear Channel settled a lawsuit with a Denver, Colorado concert promoter, Nobody In Particular Presents (NIPP).^[130] In the lawsuit, NIPP alleged that Clear Channel halted airplay on its local stations for (NIPP) clients, and that Clear Channel would not allow NIPP to publicize its concerts on the air. The lawsuit was settled in 2004 when Clear Channel agreed to pay NIPP a confidential sum. However, a systematic analysis of concert ticket prices found no evidence that Clear Channel was cross-leveraging its radio interests with its (now divested) concert promotion interests.^[136]

Production of local programming[edit]

iHeartMedia uses the RCS Nex-Gen automation system throughout their properties. Like most contemporary automation systems, Nex-Gen allows a DJ from anywhere in the country to sound as if he or she is broadcasting from anywhere else in the country, on any other station.^[137] A technological outgrowth of earlier, tape-based automation systems dating back to the 1960s, this method—known as voice-tracking—allows for smaller market stations to be partially or completely staffed by "cyber-jocks" who may never have visited the town from which they are broadcasting. This practice may also result in local on-air positions being reduced or eliminated. It has been stated that iHeartMedia maintains a majority of its staff in hourly-paid, part-time positions.

Lack of local staff during emergency[edit]

Clear Channel was criticized for a situation that occurred in Minot, North Dakota, on the morning of January 18, 2002. At around 2:30 a.m.a Canadian Pacific Railway train derailed and leaked 240,000 US gallons (910,000 L) of toxic anhydrous ammonia, releasing a cloud of caustic, poisonous gas over the city.^[138] At the time, Clear Channel owned six commercial radio stations out of nine in the Minot area. City officials attempted to contact the local Clear Channel office by telephone to spread warnings of the danger using its radio stations, but it was several critical hours before the station manager was finally reached at his home. In the meantime, 9-1-1 operators were advising panicked callers to tune to KCJB for emergency instructions, but the station was not broadcasting any such information.^[139]

The ammonia spill was the largest of its kind in the United States, with one person killed, and over 1,000 seeking medical attention. Clear Channel claimed no responsibility for its failure to warn residents, maintaining that the city should have used the Emergency Alert System to trigger automatic equipment in place at all U.S. radio stations. The EAS equipment was later found to be functional at the time, but had not been activated by city, state or regional authorities.^[140] Unfortunately, other critical systems throughout Minot were either inoperable or had failed, including the public siren system, electricity in parts of the town, and the 9-1-1 telephone system, which became overloaded.^[141]

The incident has been cited as an example of the physical dangers of media consolidation and the prevalent cost-cutting measure of eliminating overnight staff at stations.

Rejection of advertising images[edit]

Clear Channel Outdoor rejected the two images on the left

In June 2010 Clear Channel Outdoor rejected without comment two digital billboard images submitted by St. Pete Pride, an LGBT organization that sponsors gay pride events in the St. Petersburg, Florida area, leading the group to cancel its contract with Clear Channel. St. Pete Pride has stated that throughout its eight-year history, Clear Channel has edited the organization's advertising material, and questioned whether the rejection of these images were because they displayed same-sex couples in affectionate poses. A Clear Channel spokesperson declined to comment on the specific reasons why the images were rejected but denied that the affection being shown was an issue, saying that such images had been included in previous St. Pete Pride campaigns.^[142]

Censorship[edit]

iHeartMedia and its subsidiaries have been associated with censorship of state and federal candidates for public office, elected officials and various political viewpoints.

iHeartMedia has been criticized for censoring opinions critical of George W. Bush and other Republicans. After Natalie Maines, the singer of the country band Dixie Chicks, told a London audience that they were "ashamed [of the fact that] the president of the United States is from Texas", the band's radio airplay dropped precipitously. Afterwards, some iHeartMedia (then Clear Channel) stations removed The Dixie Chicks from their playlists without any noted repercussions from the company. Gail Austin, Clear Channel's director of programming said, "Out of respect for our troops, our city and our listeners, [we] have taken the Dixie Chicks off our playlists."^[143] Clear Channel was accused of orchestrating the radio blacklist by such critics as Paul Krugman; however, others claim some Clear Channel stations continued to play the band longer than some other companies.^[144]

Clear Channel-owned KTVX was the only local television station that refused to air the paid political message of Cindy Sheehan against the war in Iraq.^[145]

On May 8, 2014, the FCC was asked to respond to a political programming complaint, made against an iHeartMedia owned broadcast licensee, Capstar TX LLC by supporters of Tom Barrett, the Democratic candidate for Governor of Wisconsin. Capstar would not give them any free airtime on its radio stations WISN (AM) and WTMJ (AM), in order to respond to statements supporting Scott Walker, the Republican candidate for office in the 2012 election. Walker's supporters had received free air time from WISN and WTMJ for political campaigning purposes. Barrett supporters based their complaint on WISN's violation of the Zapple doctrine. The FCC responded by rescinding the Zapple doctrine as a no longer enforceable component of the fairness doctrine.

Use of paid actors posing as callers[edit]

iHeartMedia, through its subsidiary, Premiere Radio Networks, auditions and hires actors to call in to talk radio shows and pose as listeners in order to provide shows, carried by iHeartMedia and other broadcasters, with planned content in the form of stories and opinions. The custom caller service provided by Premiere Radio assures its clients they won't hear the same actor's voice for at least two months in order to appear authentic to listeners who might otherwise catch on.^[146]

iHeartMedia and rock radio[edit]

iHeartMedia has caused controversy with rock music fans in major cities for changing the programming on several longtime rock stations to other formats. These have included:

• KSJO San Jose – flipped to Spanish-language oldies on October 28, 2004 after 35 years as a rock station^[147]


• KLOL Houston – flipped to Spanish-language pop on November 12, 2004 after 34 years as a rock station^[148] (the station was sold to CBS Radio a few years later)


• WFNX Boston – flipped to adult hits on July 24, 2012 after 29 years as an alternative rock station^[149]


• WKLS Atlanta – flipped to mainstream top 40 on August 29, 2012 after 38 years as a rock station^[150]


• KZEP-FM San Antonio – flipped to rhythmic hot AC on August 8, 2014 after 25 years as a classic rock station and 45 years of some form of rock music on the frequency (the classic rock format was moved to low-powered translator K227BH)^[151]


• KDGE Dallas–Fort Worth – flipped to Christmas music on November 16, 2016, then Mainstream AC on December 26 after 27 years (11 years on 94.5 before moving to 102.1 in 2000, and 16 years on 102.1) as an alternative rock station.^[152]

Similarly, on September 28, 2012, 640 WGST (conservative news/talk) changed formats to Spanish sports, sparking outrage from Atlanta listeners and petitions to return 640 to its original news format. On April 23, 2013, less than eight months after switching formats, it was announced that WGST would return to a news/talk format beginning June 3, 2013, with all syndicated programming.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

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9. ^ Press Release (September 16, 2014). "Clear Channel Becomes iHeartMedia". ClearChannel.com. iHeartMedia. Archived from the original on September 18, 2014. Retrieved September 16, 2014. Effective today, CC Media Holdings, Inc. (OTCCB: CCMO) will become iHeartMedia, Inc. In connection with the company's new brand, the company's ticker symbol will also change, effective September 17. Of the company's major businesses, Clear Channel Media and Entertainment will become iHeartMedia; other company brands, including iHeartRadio, Premiere Networks, Total Traffic and Weather Network, Katz Media Group and RCS, will retain their current names.
   


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Further reading[edit]

1. Eric Boehlert, "Radio's big bully", salon.com, April 30, 2001


2. Eric Boehlert, "Tough company", salon.com, May 30, 2001


3. "Group sues over anti-war billboard", CNN, July 12, 2004


4. Salon.com article on Clear Channel

External links[edit]